scholarly journals Variations of Gerdy's tubercle, proposal of a morphological classification: Anatomical study and its clinical importance

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Sunita Kalra ◽  
Puja Chauhan ◽  
Ankit Khandelwal ◽  
Pooja Rani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Lateral Condyle ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Triangular Facet ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Gerdy’S Tubercle

Abstract Introduction: Gerdy's tubercle is described as a triangular facet in standard textbooks of human anatomy. The present study addresses the prevalence and shape of the anterolateral tubercle, which has been named as Gerdy's tubercle in adult human tibia. Examination of tibia revealed in excess of usual variations in the shape and texture of tubercle present at the anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 103 (52 right and 51 left) of either sex dry Indian tibia bone to study the shape and texture of Gerdy's tubercle. The shape and texture of tubercle were very inconsistent and varied from a small circular smooth facet to very irregular rough facet. Results: Gerdy's tubercle was triangular & smooth in 44.6%, circular & smooth in 17.4%, vertically oval & smooth in 2.9%, transversely oval & smooth in 3.8%, irregular & rough in18.4% and triangular & rough in 6.7%. In 5.8% of tibia, it was unobtrusive. Conclusion: The different shapes of Gerdy's tubercle demonstrated in the present study may contribute to produce significant effect on surgical interventions and some shapes may be more prone to traumatic injuries on it.

Development of the Paranasal Sinuses in Children: Implications for Paranasal Sinus Surgery

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Wolf ◽  
Wolfgang Anderhuber ◽  
Frederick Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Paranasal Sinus Surgery

The pediatric nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, when compared to those in adults, differ not only in size but also in proportion. Knowledge of the unique anatomy and pneumatization of children's sinuses is an important prerequisite to understanding the pathogenesis of sinusitis and its complications. It is also important in evaluation of radiographs and in planning surgical interventions. In order to study the development of the paranasal sinuses in children and relate clinical anatomy to sinus surgery, the sinuses in 102 pediatric skulls and cadaver heads were measured. The results were classified by stage of development into 4 different age groups: newborn and 1 to 4, 4 to 8, and 8 to 12 years. The characteristics of each group and their clinical importance for paranasal sinus surgery are described.

scholarly journals TERMINOLOGY VIEW AT LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE VIA HISTORICAL AND MODERN CONCEPTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
SN N Chemidronov ◽  
GN N Suvorova ◽  
GA A Sevryugina ◽  
YuV V Grigoryeva ◽  
VD D Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Rectum Extirpation ◽  
Perineal Region

Aim - to analyze and summarize the literature data of levator ani muscle, using the terminological approach. Materials and methods. We used literature in anatomy, biology with levator ani muscle description included Medline/Pubmed resources guide. Results. We found 18 terms determined levator ani muscle components in literature. The terms were used to describe diseases, perineal muscles, fascia and pelvic ligaments associated with urinary and fecal incontinence, traumatic injuries during labor in women, operative access to pelvic organs in men with surgical interventions for radical prostatectomy and rectum extirpation. We illustrated schematically levator ani muscle in men and women, supplementing the study by dissecting the perineal region in 3 men and 2 women. The terms defining the components of levator ani muscle in women are following: m. puboperinealis, m. pubovaginalis, m. puboanalis - united in m. pubovisceralis; m. pubococcygeus, m. iliococcygeus. In men, levatorani muscle is represented by the following components: m. puboprostaticus (m. levator prostatae), m. puboperinealis, m. puboanalis, m. puborectalis, m. pubococcygeus, m. iliococcygeus.

3D morphological classification of the nasolacrimal duct: Anatomical study for planning treatment of tear drainage obstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyun Lee ◽  
U‐Young Lee ◽  
Suk‐Woo Yang ◽  
Won‐Joon Lee ◽  
Dong‐Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Planning Treatment

scholarly journals 3D mapping and classification of tibial plateau fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Xiang Yao ◽  
Kaihua Zhou ◽  
Bin Lv ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Tibial Plateau Fractures ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Lateral Condyle ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Junctional Zone ◽  
Gerdy’S Tubercle

Aims Tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) are complex injuries around the knee caused by high- or low-energy trauma. In the present study, we aimed to define the distribution and frequency of TPF lines using a 3D mapping technique and analyze the rationalization of divisions employed by frequently used classifications. Methods In total, 759 adult patients with 766 affected knees were retrospectively reviewed. The TPF fragments on CT were multiplanar reconstructed, and virtually reduced to match a 3D model of the proximal tibia. 3D heat mapping was subsequently created by graphically superimposing all fracture lines onto a tibia template. Results The cohort included 405 (53.4%) cases with left knee injuries, 347 (45.7%) cases with right knee injuries, and seven (0.9%) cases with bilateral injuries. On mapping, the hot zones of the fracture lines were mainly concentrated around the anterior cruciate ligament insertion, posterior cruciate ligament insertion, and the inner part of the lateral condyle that extended to the junctional zone between Gerdy’s tubercle and the tibial tubercle. Moreover, the cold zones were scattered in the posteromedial fragment, superior tibiofibular syndesmosis, Gerdy’s tubercle, and tibial tubercle. TPFs with different Orthopaedic Trauma Association/AO Foundation (OTA/AO) subtypes showed peculiar characteristics. Conclusion TPFs occurred more frequently in the lateral and intermedial column than in the medial column. Fracture lines of tibial plateau occur frequently in the transition zone with marked changes in cortical thickness. According to 3D mapping, the four-column and nine-segment classification had a high degree of matching as compared to the frequently used classifications. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(6):258–267.

Traumatic injuries to the facial nerve: diagnosis and assistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Marufzhon Kh. KADYROV ◽  
Gafur M. KHODZHAMURADOV ◽  
Maksudzhon M. KADYROV ◽  
Mirali F. ODINAEV
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Nerve Branch ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Nerve Suture ◽  
The Face ◽  
Surgical Treatments

We performed detection, examination and surgical treatment of trauma injuries of the main trunk or branches of the facial nerve among 16 patients. The main complaints of patients were related to aesthetic defects of tissues and organs within certain areas of the face or the whole half on the side of the injury and their functional disorders. The most frequent cause of injury was yatrogenic nerve damage. In the case of yatrogenic causes of injury, there are following groups of surgical interventions: surgery of the peritoneal salivary gland; aesthetic operations of the face in case of pathological processes or traumatic injuries of the temporal-lower joint and lower zone of the face. The following surgical treatments were used to repair damage to facial nerve structures: nerve suture; transposition of facial nerve branches; neuroplasticity; miofastsialny plasticity; neuroplasty in combination with the transplant of the revascularized neuromuscular transplant of the gentle soapy. In the distant postoperative period, complete recovery of facial nerve branch function and effectors, respectively, occurred among 10 patients. Partial recovery of their function - among 3 patients and recovery were absent among 3 clinical cases.

An anatomical study of the superficial palmar communicating branch between the median and ulnar nerves

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sulaiman ◽  
R. Soames ◽  
C. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Flexor Retinaculum ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Operative Complications

The palmar communicating branch between the median and ulnar nerves was investigated in 98 hands with the aim of outlining its most common branching patterns and describing its relationship to well-defined anatomical landmarks, including the bistyloid line, wrist crease and flexor retinaculum. Five branching patterns were identified and classified based on their proximal and distal attachments. The palmar communicating branch was found to lie between 26%–79% of the total distance between the metacarpophalangeal joint of the long finger and the wrist crease, and 35%–75% of the total distance between the metacarpophalangeal joint of the long finger and the middle of the bistyloid line. With the aid of the morphometric indices obtained from this study, a risk area where the palmar communicating branch is most likely to be found is outlined. Knowledge of the branching patterns and location of the palmar communicating branch can help clinicians to better assess variations in the patterns of sensation, preserve the nerve during surgical interventions to the palm and better assess post-operative complications involving the branch.

scholarly journals Rare case atypical branching of the axillary artery and high bifurcation of the brachial artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
A. A. Kolokolova ◽  
E. S. Chernomortseva ◽  
N. S. Gomon ◽  
S. N. Mohammed ◽  
V. N. Borodkina
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Vascular Anomaly ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Iatrogenic Damage

The problem of variant anatomy of blood vessels does not lose its relevance, it comprehensively is being studied still and important in modern human anatomy. The study of the diversity of branching of the arterial bed is of interest not only to anatomists, but also to practicing physicians. The anatomical and clinical Russian and English-language medical literature describes numerous variants of the structure of the arterial system regarding the place of branching, the presence of additional arteries and the absence of major arteries, their branching types. During the preparation of corpses intended for practical studies with students at the Department of Human Anatomy, anatomists are often found with variability of branching vessels. Based on many years of cadavers’ preparation experience, it can be said that almost every corpse has certain structural features of the vascular system that are different from the classical description. Variants and anomalies of vascular branching can affect the pathogenesis and symptoms of various diseases, as well as the choice of methods for their treatment. When dissecting a female corpse, atypical branching of the axillary and brachial arteries was discovered. The aim of the study was to describe the revealed vascular anomaly of this corpse. In the study of the upper third of the shoulder was found a high fission of a. brachialis on its two main branches - a. ulnaris and a. radialis. A. thoracica lateralis was absent. Moreover, a. thoracoacromialis was branched from a. axillaris in the area of the thoracic triangle. This case is an example of atypical branching of the brachial and axillary arteries. Knowledge of branching options for arteries is necessary for carrying out diagnostic and treatment manipulations, since such atypical branching types undoubtedly complicate the work during surgical procedures during surgical interventions in this area of the limb, which, in fact, can lead to iatrogenic damage of arteries. 

scholarly journals Anatomical study of Gerdy’s tubercle, its shape, texture and clinical application.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 957-962
Author(s):  
Anwaar Hussain ◽  
Irfan Ahmed Mughal ◽  
Muhammad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Left Tibia ◽  
Type Group ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gerdy’S Tubercle ◽  
Group D ◽  
Triangular Group

Objectives: The objective of this study is to lay emphasis on Gerdy’s tubercle, its morphology and clinical significance of Gerdy’s safe area in upper lateral part of tibia for any surgical intervention to avoid injury to neighboring common peroneal nerve. Study Design: Comparative anatomical study. Setting: Anatomy Department Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad. Period: From 1st September 2018 to 20th Feb 2019. Material & Methods: Total 72 dried Pakistani tibia irrespective of sex (38 right and 34 left) were taken from the bone bank of Anatomy Department FMU. The upper end of tibia was studied with respect to the shape and texture of Gerdy’s tubercle. The shape is divided in to Group A having triangular, Group B oval, Group C irregular and group D unidentified in both right and left bones and their % age was calculated. Similarly the texture Of GT was divided in to Group A facet (smooth), Group B tubercle (rough) and Group C unidentified in both right and left tibia and then % age was calculated. Results: Total 72 dried human tibia were examined out of which 38 were of right side and rest 34 were of left side all showed presence of Gerdry’s tubercle. Regarding shape of GT Right tibia showed 12(31.5%) triangular (group A), Oval shape was 20 (52.6%) (Group B), number of irregular was 6 (15.9%) (Group C) and none unidentified (0%) (Group D). Regarding texture GT Right Tibia showed facet type Group A 16(42%), Group B 57% were of tubercle type (22) and non unidentified (Group D) Zero %. Total 34 left tibia Shape of GT was examined and found triangular (group A) in 18 tibia (52%) and oval shaped 6(17.6%) in group B. Whereas in group C 10 (29.4%). were irregular. The texture of left tibia 41.1% (14) were of facet Type Group A and 58.82% (20) were of tubercle type (group B). Total Number of Tibia (N=72) GT showed 41.6% triangular, 36.1% oval and 22.2% irregular. While 41.6% were facet and 58.3% tubercle in texture. Conclusion: This study concluded that the morphological study of Gerdy’s tubercle is mandatory to approach the lateral compartment of the knee joint for any surgical intervention. The calculation of safe area is so important to avoid injury to common peroneal nerve.

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