scholarly journals Measuring carbon isotope ratios of microphytobenthos using compound-specific stable isotope analysis of phytol

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Oakes ◽  
Andrew T. Revill ◽  
Rod M. Connolly ◽  
Susan I. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratios

Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Suryan ◽  
Karen N. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Satellite Tracking ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratios ◽  
Nonbreeding Season

Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are the most threatened family of birds globally. The three North Pacific species ( Phoebastria Reichenbach, 1853) are listed as either endangered or vulnerable, with the population of Short-tailed Albatross ( Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769)) less than 1% of its historical size. All North Pacific albatross species do not currently breed sympatrically, yet they do co-occur at-sea during the nonbreeding season. We incorporated stable isotope analysis with the first simultaneous satellite-tracking study of all three North Pacific albatross species while sympatric on summer (nonbreeding season) foraging grounds off Alaska. Carbon isotope ratios and tracking data identify differences in primary foraging domains of continental shelf and slope waters for Short-tailed Albatrosses and Black-footed Albatrosses ( Phoebastria nigripes (Audubon, 1839)) versus oceanic waters for Laysan Albatrosses ( Phoebastria immutabilis (Rothschild, 1893)). Short-tailed and Black-footed albatrosses also fed at higher trophic levels than Laysan Albatrosses. The relative trophic position of Black-footed and Laysan albatrosses, however, appears to differ between nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Spatial segregation also occurred at a broader geographic scale, with Short-tailed Albatrosses ranging more north into the Bering Sea than Black-footed Albatrosses, which ranged more to the southeast, and Laysan Albatrosses more to the southwest. Differences in carbon isotope ratios among North Pacific albatross species during the nonbreeding season likely reflect the relative proportion of neritic (more carbon enriched) versus oceanic (carbon depleted) derived nutrients, and possible differential use of fishery discards, rather than latitudinal differences in distribution.

scholarly journals A model-based assessment of the potential use of compound specific stable isotope analysis in river monitoring of diffuse pesticide pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 8789-8839
Author(s):  
S. R. Lutz ◽  
H. J. van Meerveld ◽  
M. J. Waterloo ◽  
H. P. Broers ◽  
B. M. van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Isotope Data

Abstract. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) has, in combination with model-assisted interpretation, proven a valuable approach to quantify the extent of organic contaminant degradation in groundwater systems. CSIA data may also provide insights into the origin and transformation of diffuse river pollutants such as pesticides and nitrate at the catchment scale. While CSIA methods for pesticides have increasingly become available, they have not yet been deployed to interpret isotope data of pesticides in surface water. We applied a coupled subsurface-surface reactive transport model (HydroGeoSphere) at the hillslope scale to investigate the usefulness of CSIA in the assessment of pesticide degradation. We simulated the transport and transformation of a pesticide in a hypothetical but realistic two-dimensional hillslope transect. The steady-state model results illustrate a strong increase of isotope ratios at the hillslope outlet, which resulted from degradation and long travel times through the hillslope during average hydrological conditions. In contrast, following an extreme rainfall event that induced overland flow, the simulated isotope ratios dropped to the values of soil water in the pesticide application area. These results suggest that CSIA can help to determine whether pesticides enter the stream via groundwater exfiltration or via surface runoff. Simulations with daily rainfall and evapotranspiration data and one pesticide application per year resulted in small seasonal variations of concentrations and isotope ratios at the hillslope outlet, which fell within the uncertainty range of current CSIA methods. This implies a good reliability of in-stream isotope data in the absence of transport via surface runoff or other fast transport routes, since the time of measurement appears to be of minor importance. The analysis of simulated isotope ratios also allowed quantifying the contribution of two different reaction pathways to the overall degradation, which gave further insight into transport routes in the modelled system. The simulations supported the use of the commonly applied Rayleigh equation for the interpretation of CSIA data, since this led to an underestimation of the real extent of degradation of less than 12% at the hillslope outlet. Overall, the model results emphasize the applicability and usefulness of CSIA in the assessment of diffuse river pollution.

scholarly journals Stable Isotope Analysis of a Submarine Ice Cliff at Explorers Cove, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Stockton ◽  
Ted E. DeLaca ◽  
Michael J. Deniro
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound

AbstractStable isotope ratios and salinities of ice samples obtained from a submarine ice cliff at Explorers Cove demonstrate that the upper parts of the ice cliff have frozen directly from sea-water and are an underwater expression of permafrost, whereas the lower parts appear to be partially glacial in origin. These results indicate that there may be ice cores in the moraines of Explorers Cove, in which case the coastline of McMurdo Sound is more extensively ice-cored than previously known.

Climate and Habitat Reconstruction Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Collagen in Prehistoric Herbivore Teeth from Kenya

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley H. Ambrose ◽  
Michael J. DeNiro
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

AbstractStable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios have been determined for tooth collagen of 27 prehistoric herbivores from a rock shelter in the central Rift Valley of Kenya. Collagen samples whose isotope ratios were not altered by diagenesis were identified using several analytical methods. During the later Holocene, when the climate was as dry or drier than at present, the isotopic compositions of individual animals are similar to those of modern individuals of the same species. During the earlier Holocene, when the climate was wetter than at present, the δ15N and δ13C values are lower than those for their modern counterparts. When diagenetic factors can be discounted and adequate modern comparative data are available, stable isotope analysis of herbivore teeth and bones can be used to evaluate prehistoric climate and habitat conditions.

scholarly journals A model-based assessment of the potential use of compound-specific stable isotope analysis in river monitoring of diffuse pesticide pollution

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4505-4524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Lutz ◽  
H. J. van Meerveld ◽  
M. J. Waterloo ◽  
H. P. Broers ◽  
B. M. van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Event ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
Isotope Data

Abstract. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) has, in combination with model-assisted interpretation, proven to be a valuable approach to quantify the extent of organic contaminant degradation in groundwater systems. CSIA data may also provide insights into the origin and transformation of diffuse pollutants, such as pesticides and nitrate, at the catchment scale. While CSIA methods for pesticides have increasingly become available, they have not yet been deployed to interpret isotope data of pesticides in surface water. We applied a coupled subsurface-surface reactive transport model (HydroGeoSphere) at the hillslope scale to investigate the usefulness of CSIA in the assessment of pesticide degradation. We simulated the transport and transformation of a pesticide in a hypothetical but realistic two-dimensional hillslope transect. The steady-state model results illustrate a strong increase of isotope ratios at the hillslope outlet, which resulted from degradation and long travel times through the hillslope during average hydrological conditions. In contrast, following an extreme rainfall event that induced overland flow, the simulated isotope ratios dropped to the values of soil water in the pesticide application area. These results suggest that CSIA can help to identify rainfall-runoff events that entail significant pesticide transport to the stream via surface runoff. Simulations with daily rainfall and evapotranspiration data and one pesticide application per year resulted in small seasonal variations of concentrations and isotope ratios at the hillslope outlet, which fell within the uncertainty range of current CSIA methods. This implies a good reliability of in-stream isotope data in the absence of transport via surface runoff or other fast transport routes, since the time of measurement appears to be of minor importance for the assessment of pesticide degradation. The analysis of simulated isotope ratios also allowed quantification of the contribution of two different reaction pathways (aerobic and anaerobic) to overall degradation, which gave further insight into the transport routes in the modelled system. The simulations supported the use of the commonly applied Rayleigh equation for the interpretation of CSIA data, since this led to an underestimation of the real extent of degradation of less than 12% at the hillslope outlet. Overall, this study emphasizes the applicability and usefulness of CSIA in the assessment of diffuse river pollution, and represents a first step towards a theoretical framework for the interpretation of CSIA data in agricultural catchments.

scholarly journals World Atlas of late Quaternary Foraminiferal Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Mulitza ◽  
Torsten Bickert ◽  
Helen C. Bostock ◽  
Cristiano M. Chiessi ◽  
Barbara Donner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratios ◽  
Oxygen And Carbon Isotope ◽  
Age Constraints

Abstract. We present a global atlas of downcore foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotope ratios available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.936747 (Mulitza et al., 2021). The database contains 2,108 published and previously unpublished stable isotope downcore records with 362,067 stable isotope values of various planktonic and benthic species of foraminifera from 1,265 sediment cores. Age constraints are provided by 6,153 uncalibrated radiocarbon ages from 598 (47 %) of the cores. Each stable isotope and radiocarbon series is provided in a separate netCDF file containing fundamental meta data as attributes. The data set can be managed and explored with the free software tool PaleoDataView. The atlas will provide important data for paleoceanographic analyses and compilations, site surveys, or for teaching marine stratigraphy. The database can be updated with new records as they are generated, providing a live ongoing resource into the future.

scholarly journals Discrimination factors of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in meerkat feces

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaena Montanari
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Discrimination Factor ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Trophic Discrimination Factor ◽  
Trophic Discrimination

Stable isotope analysis of feces can provide a non-invasive method for tracking the dietary habits of nearly any mammalian species. While fecal samples are often collected for macroscopic and genetic study, stable isotope analysis can also be applied to expand the knowledge of species-specific dietary ecology. It is somewhat unclear how digestion changes the isotope ratios of animals’ diets, so more controlled diet studies are needed. To date, most diet-to-feces controlled stable isotope experiments have been performed on herbivores, so in this study I analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in the diet and feces of the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), a small omnivorous mammal. The carbon trophic discrimination factor between diet and feces (Δ13Cfeces) is calculated to be 0.1 ± 1.5‰, which is not significantly different from zero, and in turn, not different than the dietary input. On the other hand, the nitrogen trophic discrimination factor (Δ15Nfeces) is 1.5 ± 1.1‰, which is significantly different from zero, meaning it is different than the average dietary input. Based on data generated in this experiment and a review of the published literature, carbon isotopes of feces characterize diet, while nitrogen isotope ratios of feces are consistently higher than dietary inputs, meaning a discrimination factor needs to be taken into account. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of feces are an excellent snapshot of diet that can be used in concert with other analytical methods to better understand ecology, diets, and habitat use of mammals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document