scholarly journals Influence of different veneering techniques and thermal tempering on flexural strength of ceramic veneered yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline restoration

2019 ◽  
pp. e421-e431
Author(s):  
N Juntavee ◽  
P Serirojanakul
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Thermal Tempering

scholarly journals Flexural Strength of Different Monolithic Computer-Assisted Design and Computer-Assisted Manufacturing Ceramic Materials upon Different Thermal Tempering Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 566-574
Author(s):  
Niwut Juntavee ◽  
Pithiwat Uasuwan
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Thermal Tempering

Abstract Objective Strength of ceramics related with sintering procedure. This study investigated the influence of different tempering processes on flexural strength of three monolithic ceramic materials. Materials and Methods  Specimens were prepared in bar-shape (width × length × thickness = 4 × 14 × 1.2 mm) from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP, inCoris TZI [I]), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS, Vita Suprinity [V]), and lithium disilicate (LS2, IPS e.max CAD [E]), and sintered with different tempering processes: slow (S), normal (N), and fast (F) cooling procedure (n = 15/group). Flexural strength (σ) was determined using three-point bending test apparatus at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Statistical Analysis  The analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons were determined for significant difference (α = 0.05). Weibull analysis was applied for survival probability, Weibull modulus (m), and characteristics strength (σo). Microstructures were evaluated with scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Results  The mean ± standard deviation (MPa) of σ, m, and σo were: 1,183.98 ± 204.26, 6.23, 1,271.80 for IS; 1,084.43 ± 204.79, 5.76, 1,170.08 for IN; 777.19 ± 99.77, 8.78, 819.96 for IF; 267.15 ± 32.71, 9.11, 281.48 for VS; 218.43 ± 38.46, 6.40, 234.23 for VN; 252.67 ± 37.58, 7.20, 269.23 for VF; 392.09 ± 37.91, 11.37, 409.23 for ES; 378.88 ± 55.38, 7.45, 403.11 for EN, and 390.94 ± 25.34, 16.00, 403.51 for EF. Thermal tempering significantly affected flexural strength of Y-TZP (p < 0.05), but not either ZLS or LS2 (p > 0.05). Y-TZP indicated significantly higher flexural strength upon slow tempering than others. Conclusion  Enhancing flexural strength of Y-TZP can be achieved through slow tempering process and was suggested as a process for monolithic zirconia. Strengthening of ZLS and LS2 cannot be accomplished through tempering; thus, either S-, N-, or F- tempering procedure can be performed. Nevertheless, to minimize sintering time, rapid thermal tempering is more preferable for both ZLS and LS2.

Flexural strength, fracture toughness, and translucency of cubic/tetragonal zirconia materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parissa Nassary Zadeh ◽  
Nina Lümkemann ◽  
Beatrice Sener ◽  
Marlis Eichberger ◽  
Bogna Stawarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia

Thermal Cycling Effect on Mechanical Properties of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia

2013 ◽  
Vol 538 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
The Stability

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is an important material in the area of energy and optical applications. In this study, the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and coefficient thermal expansion) and physical properties (phase transition) of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) was reported. The effect of thermal cycling on the mechanical properties and the stability was also evaluated.

Effect of TiN Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zirconia Matrix Ceramic Tool Material

2004 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Chuan Zhen Huang ◽  
Han Lian Liu ◽  
Sui Lian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Strengthening Mechanisms ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Tool Material ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal

In this paper, 3mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) and TiN/3Y-TZP(adding TiN particles to 3Y-TZP) composites were fabricated by hot-pressing technique. Phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. It is shown that the flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness of TiN/3Y-TZP was significantly improved by the addition of TiN particles compared with 3Y-TZP. The flexural strength of ZYT2 (20wt% TiN addition) is 1318 MPa. The fracture toughness of ZYT4 (40wt% TiN addition) is 16.8MPa·m1/2. The toughening and strengthening mechanisms were analyzed. The XRD results show that the additing of TiN can hinder the transformation from tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase of 3Y-TZP during fabrication process.

scholarly journals Effect of Cooling Rate during Glazing on the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Monolithic Zirconia with 3 mol% Yttria Content

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7474
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyang Cho ◽  
Hyo-Joung Seol
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Weibull Modulus ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
General Cooling ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal

Glazing is the final heat treatment process in the manufacturing of a monolithic zirconia prosthesis. Herein, the effect of cooling rate during zirconia glazing was investigated. A 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal was glazed at the general cooling rate suggested by the manufacturer, as well as at higher and lower cooling rates, and the differences in flexural strength, hardness, optical properties, and crystal structure were evaluated. A higher cooling rate did not affect the flexural strength, hardness, grain size, optical properties, or crystal structure; however, the Weibull modulus decreased by 1.3. A lower cooling rate did not affect the flexural strength, optical properties, or crystal structure; however, the Weibull characteristic strength increased by 26.7 MPa and the Weibull modulus increased by 0.9. The decrease in hardness and the increase in grain size were statistically significant; however, the numerical differences were negligible. This study revealed that a lower cooling rate provides more reliable flexural strength. Therefore, glazing can proceed at a general cooling rate, which takes 3–4 min; however, glazing at a lower cooling rate will provide a more consistent flexural strength if desired, despite being time-consuming.

Properties of Mullite-Zirconia Composites Prepared through Reaction Sintering Kaolin, α-Al2O3, and ZrO2

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1772-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sahnoune ◽  
N. Saheb ◽  
P. Goeuriot
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Reaction Sintering ◽  
Zro2 Content ◽  
Linear Coefficient ◽  
Zirconia Composites

Mullite–zirconia composites were synthesized through reaction sintering Algerian kaolin, α-Al2O3, and ZrO2. Phases present and their transformations were characterized using x-ray diffraction. Quantitative phase analysis was performed following the Rietveld method. Hardness and fracture toughness were measured by Vickers indentation. The flexural strength was measured using a Universal Testing Machine. It was found that the microstructure of samples sintered for 2 hours at 1600°C was composed of mullite grains which have whiskers’ shape and ZrO2 particles. In the composite containing 16 wt.% ZrO2, the ratio of tetragonal zirconia transformed to monoclinic zirconia was relatively small and did not exceed 18%. However, in the composite containing 32 wt.% ZrO2 around 75% of the tetragonal structure changed to monoclinic structure. Also, it was found that the increase of ZrO2 content from 0 to 32 wt.% decreased the microhardness of the composites from 14 to 10.8 GPa. However, the increase of ZrO2 content from 0 to 24wt.% increased the flexural strength of the composites from 142 to 390 MPa then decreased it with further increase of ZrO2 content. The fracture toughness increased from 1.8 to 2.9 MPa.m1/2 with the increase of ZrO2 content from 0 to 32 wt.%; and the rate of the increase decreased at higher fractions of ZrO2 content. The average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (within the range 50 to 1450°C) for samples containing 0 and 16 wt.% ZrO2 sintered at 1600°C for 2 hours was 4.7 x10-6 K-1 and 5.2 x 10-6 K-1 respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Concentration Hydrofluoric Acid Etching on Shear Bond Strength and Biaxial Flexural Strength after Thermocycling

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
You-Jung Kang ◽  
Yooseok Shin ◽  
Jee-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Air Abrasion ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Group A

This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of resin cements according to the surface treatment method using low-temperature hot etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) on a yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) surface; 96 discs and 72 cubes for BFS and SBS tests for Y-TZP were randomly divided into four groups of BFS and three groups of SBS. Specimens were subjected to the following surface treatments: (1) no treatment (C), (2) air abrasion with 50 μm Al2O3 particles (A), (3) hot etching with HF at 100 °C for 10 min (E), and (4) air abrasion + hot etching (AE). After treatments, the specimens were coated with primer, and resin cement was applied with molds. The specimens were evaluated for roughness (Ra) via scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, and the data were analyzed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Group E produced significantly higher SBS compared to group A and AE before and after thermocycling. The BFSs of all groups showed no significant differences before thermocycling; however, after thermocycling, C and E treatment groups were significantly higher compared to group A and AE. All groups showed phase transformation. Group E was observed lower monoclinic phase transformation compared to other groups.

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