Equality, equity and justice in resource distribution in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Columbus N. Ogbujah
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The People ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Resources Sharing ◽  
The Ideal

In ethics and political philosophy, the concepts of equity, equality, need satisfaction, and justice are significant for the fulfilment of underlying requirements of human rights, and the attainment of peace in societies. Studies show these as potential frames for defining processes, distributing resources, sharing responsibilities, allocating rewards, demonstrating respect and dispensing with unequal treatments. Justice, as the ideal that impels us to impartially adjudicate between competent claims, is linked to equality. But as the moral force that propels actions for needs’ satisfaction, it is linked to equity. Hence, equality and equity are two elements of the theory of justice: both are grounded on the principles of distributive justice. This ‘common grounding’ apparently obfuscates their distinctive features, and over time, has elicited their equiparation. This essay highlights the archetypal frames of the notions of equity and equality as indispensable principles of social justice. It identifies the skewed distribution of resources in Nigeria as arising from a legal framework that removes the power of personal/group autonomy from the people. The essay notes the misleading tendency in the insulated use of equality for justice, and accepts the primacy of distributive justice amongst rival pathways to national cohesive living.

Introduction

Free Time ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Liberal Theory ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Liberal Egalitarianism ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Conception Of The Good ◽  
Contemporary United States

This book defends the idea that workers are entitled to a fair share of free time. Contemporary liberal egalitarian theories of justice have implicitly assumed that how much leisure time citizens have is not an appropriate concern of a liberal theory of justice. The liberal proceduralist approach to distributive justice is to ensure that all citizens have fair access to specific goods, the particular components of one's particular conception of the good, by ensuring a fair distribution of resources, the all-purpose means that are generally required to pursue any conception of the good. The book asserts that citizens have legitimate claims to free time on the basis of the effective freedoms principle, a foundational tenet of liberal egalitarianism. This introduction discusses some relevant features of the distribution of free time in the contemporary United States and provides an overview of the chapters that follow.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL GAMES USAGE IN SCHOOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (78) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Е.А. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
A.V. Nuzhdin
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Modern School ◽  
The People ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Life Work ◽  
The Ideal

In a modern school, at different levels of education, popular systems various elements of physical education can and should be used, which simultaneously allow solving health-improving, developing, and educational tasks. The expediency of including folk outdoor games in the school curriculum is explained by the need to intensify physical activity in the classroom, increase the interest in learning through the use of national games. Different nations’ games have their own distinctive features. The games reflect the way of people life, work, national foundations, ideas about the ideal, social life, and the people history. Folk games allow you to preserve the national flavor of customs, the originality of self-expression of a particular people and convey to the next generations. Folk games have many functions: socio-cultural, educational, entertaining, diagnostic, corrective, communicative, etc. At the same time, the folk game has a powerful resource for educating students to respect the cultural heritage and traditions of the multinational people of the Russian Federation. The article describes some content and methodological aspects of the national games use in school.

SOME BASIC AND BEGINNING ISSUES FOR KHMER ETHNIC COMMUNITY, NOW

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Thanh Minh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Ideal

With the majority of the population working in agriculture, the economy of Khmer people is mainly agricultural. At present, the Khmer ethnic group has a workingstructure in the ideal age, but the number of young and healthy workers who have not been trained is still high and laborers lack knowledge and skills to do business. Labor productivity is still very low ... Problems in education quality, human resources; the transformation of traditional religion; effects of climate change; Cross-border relations of the people have always been and are of great interest and challenges to the development of the Khmer ethnic community. Identifying fundamental and urgent issues, forecasting the socio-economic trends in areas with large numbers of Khmer people living in the future will be the basis for the theory and practice for us to have. Solutions in the development and implementation of policies for Khmer compatriots suitable and effective.

Konsep Raja Ideal pada Masa Sriwijaya Berdasarkan Bukti-Bukti Tertulis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alnoza
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Buddhist Culture

The king in the Hindu-Buddhist era had such a big role for his people. The ideal king is needed by the people so that the country becomes prosperous. The concept of an ideal king has been known for a long time in the archipelago, even since before Hindu-Buddhist culture developed. In Java and Bali the ideal king is described in the Astabrata Concept. The concept of an ideal king in Srivijaya has never been discussed by researchers, even though Srivijaya was one of the ruling kingdoms in Indonesia during the early Hindu-Buddhist era. This study discusses about concept of the ideal king that developed in Srivijaya based on written data in the form of inscriptions scattered in several conquered Srivijaya areas. The concept of the ideal king of Srivijaya needs to be known to reconstruct how much acceptance of Hindu-Buddhist culture in Indonesia, especially during the Srivijaya era. In answering these problems, research was conducted with archeological methods, which consisted of data collection, analysis and interpretation. Based on this research, it can be seen that the concept of the ideal king of Srivijaya was much influenced by Buddhism, especially the Vajrayana school. The king in Srivijaya depicted as an excellent person, born as a man, diplomat and wealthy.

The possibility of democratic socialism in Habermas

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843102098689
Author(s):  
Pedro A. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Democratic Socialism ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Theory Of Democracy ◽  
Economic Regime ◽  
The Ideal

In keeping with the radical openness of his theory of democracy, Habermas avoided pre-determining the ideal mode of economic organization for his favoured model of deliberative democracy. Instead of attempting a full-blown derivation, in this article, I propose adapting the Rawlsian method of comparing different political–economic regimes as candidate applications of his theory of justice to Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy. Although both theorists are seen as endorsing liberal democratic world views, from the perspective of political economy, the corollary of their conceptions of democracy would arguably veer elsewhere: in Rawls’s case, into the territory of property-owning democracy or democratic socialism, and in Habermas’s, into any political–economic regime which guarantees the real exercise of full political and discursive liberties against the background of legitimate lawmaking. The ultimate aim of this article is to discuss whether a concrete conception of democratic socialism, if any, is compatible with Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy.

scholarly journals Age, Frailty, Resuscitation and Intensive Care: With Reference to COVID-19

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
David G Smithard ◽  
Nadir Abdelhameed ◽  
Thwe Han ◽  
Angelo Pieris
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Utilitarian Approach ◽  
The Individual

Discussion regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation and admission to an intensive care unit is frequently fraught in the context of older age. It is complicated by the fact that the presence of multiple comorbidities and frailty adversely impact on prognosis. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation are not appropriate for all. Who decides and how? This paper discusses the issues, biases, and potential harms involved in decision-making. The basis of decision making requires fairness in the distribution of resources/healthcare (distributive justice), yet much of the printed guidance has taken a utilitarian approach (getting the most from the resource provided). The challenge is to provide a balance between justice for the individual and population justice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Legal Framework for Building Fire Safety Regulations in Spain

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Amaya Osácar ◽  
Juan Bautista Echeverria Trueba ◽  
Brian Meacham
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Ideal

There is a trend in Europe towards increasing the quality and performance of regulations. At the same time, regulatory failure has been observed in the area of building fire safety regulation in England and elsewhere. As a result, an analysis of the appropriateness of fire safety regulations in Spain is warranted, with the objective being to assess whether a suitable level of fire safety is currently being delivered. Three basic elements must be considered in such analysis: the legal and regulatory framework, the level of fire risk/safety of buildings that is expected and the level which actually results, and a suitable method of analysis. The focus of this paper is creating a legal and regulatory framework, in particular with respect to fire safety in buildings. Components of an ”ideal” building regulatory framework to adequately control fire risk are presented, the existing building regulatory framework is summarized, and an analysis of the gaps between the ideal and the existing systems is presented. It is concluded that the gaps between the ideal and the existing framework are significant, and that the current fire safety regulations are not appropriate for assuring delivery of the intended level of fire risk mitigation.

Imitating the Traditional Gods

Mnemosyne ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vilius Bartninkas
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
The People ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Virtuous Character ◽  
Ethical Role ◽  
Virtuous Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Aspect ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract This paper examines moral virtues and cult practice in Plato’s Laws. It explores the symposium and the chorus and their potential to provide a recognisable cultural setting, in which the Magnesian citizens can test their responses to pleasurable and painful experiences and thus train their moral virtues. The challenge to this reading is to explain what additional input to moral habituation is provided by the religious aspect of these institutions. This paper draws attention to the relationship between the people and the patron gods of the respective institutions. It argues that the cult practices are designed to reflect the virtuous character of the traditional gods, who serve as the ethical role models for the worshipers. In this way, the worship of the traditional gods not only facilitates moral progress by exemplifying the objective of virtuous life, but also gives an egalitarian version of the ideal of godlikeness to its citizens.

Open Democracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Landemore
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
The People ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

To the ancient Greeks, democracy meant gathering in public and debating laws set by a randomly selected assembly of several hundred citizens. To the Icelandic Vikings, democracy meant meeting every summer in a field to discuss issues until consensus was reached. Our contemporary representative democracies are very different. Modern parliaments are gated and guarded, and it seems as if only certain people — with the right suit, accent, wealth, and connections — are welcome. Diagnosing what is wrong with representative government and aiming to recover some of the lost openness of ancient democracies, this book presents a new paradigm of democracy in which power is genuinely accessible to ordinary citizens. This book favors the ideal of “representing and being represented in turn” over direct-democracy approaches. Supporting a fresh nonelectoral understanding of democratic representation, the book recommends centering political institutions around the “open mini-public” — a large, jury-like body of randomly selected citizens gathered to define laws and policies for the polity, in connection with the larger public. It also defends five institutional principles as the foundations of an open democracy: participatory rights, deliberation, the majoritarian principle, democratic representation, and transparency. The book demonstrates that placing ordinary citizens, rather than elites, at the heart of democratic power is not only the true meaning of a government of, by, and for the people, but also feasible and, today more than ever, urgently needed.

scholarly journals Interfering Busybody or Public-Minded Citizen? The Actio Popularis as a Model for Reform of the Rules of Standing in Constitutional Cases in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Bede Xavier Harris ◽  
Elizabeth Pearl Harris
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The interpretation given by the courts to the word ‘matter’ in sections 75 and 76 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution, and the restrictive approach taken by the courts to what amounts to a sufficient interest in a matter, have led to the consequence that only litigants who can demonstrate a personal interest can bring an action to challenge a breach of the Constitution. This provides insufficient protection for constitutionalism because it means that the enforcement of the Constitution is contingent on there being a self-interested applicant who will bring an action – and, conversely, creates the risk that breaches of the Constitution will be allowed to stand in cases where those who do have standing find it in their political interests to refrain from taking action. With its focus on personal interest, the current approach excludes the altruistic applicant and runs counter to the theory that all citizens have a right to ensure that the Constitution is complied with. This paper examines the way in which the actio popularis of Roman law served the ideal of the engaged citizen by enabling citizens to initiate legal action to enforce public duties, and how modern equivalents of the actio in a number of jurisdictions achieve the same purpose. The paper draws on John Rawls’ theory of justice in arguing for reform of the law on standing in Australia so as to confer open standing in constitutional cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document