scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of periparturient conditions in smallholder dairy cattle herds in Kikuyu Division of Kiambu District, Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
TO Abuom ◽  
MJ Njenga ◽  
JK Wabacha ◽  
VT Tsuma ◽  
GK Gitau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Cattle Herds

A comparison of seroprevalence and risk factors for Theileria parva and T. mutans in smallholder dairy cattle in the Tanga and Iringa regions of Tanzania

2007 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel S. Swai ◽  
Esrony D. Karimuribo ◽  
Dominic M. Kambarage ◽  
Winford E. Moshy ◽  
Adam N. Mbise
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Theileria Parva ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis and its risk factors among dairy cattle herds in and around Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Nuru ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo ◽  
Leakemariam Teshome ◽  
Aboma Zewdie ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Bovine respiratory syncytial virus seroprevalence and risk factors in non-vaccinated dairy cattle herds in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Bortolin Affonso Lux Hoppe ◽  
Andréa Souza Ramos de Medeiros ◽  
Clarice Weis Arns ◽  
Samir Issa Samara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals Chlamydial infection and on‐farm risk factors in dairy cattle herds in South East Queensland

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Anstey ◽  
BL Quigley ◽  
A Polkinghorne ◽  
M Jelocnik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated to Neospora caninum in dairy cattle herds in the municipality of Pasto, Colombia

2013 ◽  
pp. 3311-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Cedeño Q ◽  
Bibiana Benavides B
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cattle Herds

ABSTRACTObjective. To determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated to Neospora caninum in non-vaccinated dairy cattle against infectious agents of reproductive syndrome in the municipality of Pasto, Colombia. Materials and methods. Farms over 2527 meters over sea level were selected, a total of 238 serum samples of Holstein cows were collected and analyzed using the indirect ELISA test to determine N. caninum seropositivity. An epidemiological survey was realized in each herd which included variables related to health and management measures of cattle. A multivariate analysis of binary logistic regression was used with a confidence interval of 95% (p<0.05) using SPSS19® program. Results. The estimated prevalence of N. caninum was 76.9%. The risk factors associated to neosporosis infection in the analyzed farms are as follows: residues of abortions generally left outdoors and not buried (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.5 - 9.6); dogs fed with leftovers (OR 15.44 IC 95% 1.94-123.22) and bulls allowed to mate with cows (OR 19.68, 95% CI 2.34 - 165.52). Conclusions. The high prevalence of N. caninum and the low abortion rate in dairy herds of the municipality of Pasto corroborated no existence of the disease in all animals serologically positive, but it did suggest that at some point in their lives they were exposed to N. caninum. From the identified risk factors in this study, recommendations can be provided for an effective control of reproductive diseases like Neosporosis present in this region.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in smallholder dairy cattle in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John VanLeeuwen ◽  
Joan Muraya ◽  
George Gitau ◽  
Dennis Makau ◽  
Bronwyn Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Border Disease ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

Little is known of the risk factors associated with occurrence of Neospora caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) infection in Kenya. This cross-sectional study hypothesized that there are significant biosecurity measures associated with N. caninum and BVDV infections on smallholder dairy farms in Kenya that could be adopted to reduce seroprevalence and impacts. From 158 randomly selected farms in Meru County, Kenya, 470 serum samples were collected from dairy cattle (over six months of age and unvaccinated for these two pathogens). Sera were analyzed for antibodies to N. caninum and antibodies and antigens to BVDV. Data on risk factors were obtained through face-to-face interviews with the farmers. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify significant risk factors associated with seropositivity for the pathogens. The apparent seroprevalence of N. caninum, BVDV antibody, BVDV antigen, and co-infection with N. caninum and BVDV antibody and/or antigen were 35.1%, 47.1%, 36.2% and 18.5%, respectively. Risk factors associated with N. caninum antibody included: introducing milking cows into the farm, lending of cattle between farms, farm dogs having access to bovine aborted fetuses, and dogs whelping in the farm compound, with an interaction between the last two variables. BVDV antigen was associated with cattle having contact with pigs, and an interaction between cattle age and whether farms introduced new calves onto farms, and cattle age and whether visiting dairy farmers have access to the cow shed. Cows had higher odds of having BVDV antibodies compared to heifers. Factors associated with co-infection included cow parity, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and goats, and introducing new milking cows into the farms. Antibody and antigen results may be partly a function of classical swine fever virus or border disease virus interactions. Farmer education on these biosecurity measures is recommended, along with introduction of BVDV vaccination.

Risk factors for tick attachment to smallholder dairy cattle in Tanzania

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. Ogden ◽  
E. Swai ◽  
G. Beauchamp ◽  
E. Karimuribo ◽  
J.L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Tick Attachment ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

Prevalence and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Dutch dairy cattle herds based on bulk tank milk testing

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Engelen ◽  
N. Schotten ◽  
B. Schimmer ◽  
J.L.A. Hautvast ◽  
G. van Schaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Soroepidemiological survey of chlamydia abortus infection in bovine in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Adalberto Leite da Silva Neto ◽  
◽  
Bruno Pajeú e Silva ◽  
Érica Chaves Lúcio ◽  
Sérgio Alves do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
The State ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chlamydia Abortus ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intensive System

The objective of this study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey of Chlamydia abortus infection in dairy cattle herds. A total of 303 blood serum samples were collected from 24 property in Vale do Ipanema microregion in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. For the diagnosis of C. abortus infection, a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (ELISA) was used. A prevalence of 34.0% (103/303; 95% CI: 28.7%-39.7%) of infected animals was identified. In 79.8% (19/24) of the properties, at least one infected animal was detected. The risk factors identified were: semi-intensive system (OR = 3.47, p ≤ 0.000), extensive system (OR = 8.14; p ≤ 0.000), supply of water in troughs and directly at the fountain (OR = 2.29, p = 0.002), pasture rent (OR = 1.72, p = 0.041), use of artificial insemination (AI) (OR = 3.07, p = 0.002), and use of AI associated with natural mount (OR = 2.22, p = 0.003). The occurrence of C. abortus infection in dairy cattle in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, was recorded for the first time. It is concluded that the infection by this agent is present in the analyzed herds and that hygienic and sanitary management measures based on the identified risk factors should be implemented to avoid reproductive losses and losses to the producers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Ehrlichia infections in smallholder dairy cattle in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1599-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shepelo Getrude Peter ◽  
Daniel Waweru Gakuya ◽  
Ndichu Maingi ◽  
Charles Matiku Mulei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Apparently Healthy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Background and Aim: Ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium is a tick-borne disease of great economic importance in cattle production worldwide. Despite its economic impact, limited knowledge is available on its epidemiology in Africa, including Kenya. Suspected cases of E. ruminantium infections have been reported in the recent past to the University of Nairobi's Veterinary Hospital, prompting the need to investigate their possible re-emergence. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence of E. ruminantium among smallholder dairy cattle in Nairobi City County and to assess potential risk factors. This knowledge may guide the development of appropriate control strategies of ehrlichiosis, subsequently reducing associated losses. Materials and Methods: A total of 107 smallholder dairy farms from Nairobi City County were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from 314 apparently healthy dairy cattle, and Giemsa-stained blood smears were screened under the microscope for Ehrlichia species. A commercial antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was then used to confirm the presence of the infections in serum samples. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on management practices that may be potential risk factors. A univariate and mixed-effects logistic regression was then used to determine significant risk factors. Results: On microscopy, 79.3% (249/314) of the sampled animals had Ehrlichia-like inclusion bodies in white blood cells, though only 18.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.2-23.0) of these were confirmed to be E. ruminantium on ELISA. A farm-level prevalence of 35.5% (95% CI 27.0-45.3) was reported. Female-headed households (p=0.013), farms in Langata region (p=0.027), cleaning of cowsheds fortnightly (p=0.019), and roofing of cowshed (p=0.022) were factors significantly associated with E. ruminantium infections. Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of E. ruminantium infections in apparently healthy cattle in smallholder dairy farms in this area, warranting control measures. It is critical to improve animal welfare-related factors, such as cowshed cleaning and roofing, as well as the strategic location of farms, especially, since reservoirs may reduce infection levels in the farms, in relation to wildlife. However, since Ehrlichia-like inclusion bodies other than those of E. ruminantium were observed in this study, there is a need to investigate further these factors and the possibility of other Ehrlichia species infecting cattle in the study area.

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