scholarly journals Psycho-behavioral factors associated with neurocognitive performance among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Accra, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-596
Author(s):  
Nana Asiedu ◽  
Irene Kretchy ◽  
Emmanuel Asampong
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Selection Of

Background: It is estimated that almost half of all people living with HIV have some form of neurocognitive impairment, but few studies have looked at the risk of neurocognitive impairment and its associated factors in Ghana, due in part to limited resources for such testing. Objective: To examine neurocognitive performance in a group of Ghanaians living with HIV and possible factors that contribute to their performance. Methods: One hundred and four patients were assessed using a selection of brief non-invasive neuropsychological assess- ments as well as the International HIV Dementia Scale. Psycho-behavioural factors (alcohol use, depression, and medication adherence) as well as demographic characteristics and functional daily activities were assessed to determine their association with neurocognitive performance, using linear regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results: About 48% of the participants met the criteria for risk of neurocognitive impairment. Age, education, and symp- toms of depression were found to be significantly associated with the risk of impairment. Conclusion: Some people living with HIV showed risk of neurocognitive impairment, which was significantly associated with education, age and depressive symptoms. It is therefore important to consider routine neurocognitive screening in HIV management to recognize any risks for early interventions. Keywords: ART adherence; depression; neurologic disease.

scholarly journals Exploring Substance Use and HIV Treatment Factors Associated with Neurocognitive Impairment among People Living with HIV/AIDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Attonito ◽  
Jessy G. Dévieux ◽  
Brenda D. G. Lerner ◽  
Michelle M. Hospital ◽  
Rhonda Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Depressive symptoms and level of physical activity mediate the associations between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive functions among individuals aged at least 50 years in China (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Qin ◽  
Jianmei He ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older People ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Hiv Negative

BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairment are prevalent among older people. It is more problematic among older people living with HIV (PLWH). This study was to explore whether the association between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive performance was mediated by depressive symptoms and/or level of physical activity. OBJECTIVE Neurocognitive impairment are prevalent among older people in China. It is more problematic among older people living with HIV (PLWH). This study was to compare neurocognitive performance between older PLWH and HIV-negative controls, and to explore whether the association between HIV sero-status and neurocognitive performance was mediated by depressive symptoms and/or level of physical activity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yongzhou, China. All PLWH aged ≥50 years listed in the registry were invited. Frequency matching was used to sample HIV-negative controls according to the distribution of age, sex, and years of formal education of older PLWH. A total of 315 older PLWH and 350 HIV-negative controls completed the face-to-face interview and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of seven domains (learning, memory, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function and motor skills). RESULTS As compared to HIV-negative controls, older PLWH performed worse in global score and all seven domains (P<.05). Positive HIV sero-status was associated with higher depressive symptoms (P<.001) and lower level of physical activity (P<.001). Depressive symptoms and physical activity were negatively correlated (P<.001). Depressive symptoms and/or level of physical activity mediated the association between HIV sero-status and global score and four domain-specific neurocognitive performance (learning, memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed). CONCLUSIONS Change in mental health and physical activity after HIV infection may partially explain why older PLWH are more susceptible to neurocognitive impairment. Promoting mental health and physical activity are potential entry points to slow down the progress of neurocognitive impairment among older PLWH.

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
Jennifer E.  Iudicello ◽  
Erin E. Morgan ◽  
Mariam A. Hussain ◽  
Caitlin Wei-Ming Watson ◽  
Robert K. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Age Related

Human immunodeficiency virus enters the central nervous system (CNS) early after systemic infection, and may cause neural injury and associated neurocognitive impairment through multiple direct and indirect mechanisms. An international conference of multidisciplinary neuroAIDS experts convened in 2005 to propose operationalized research criteria for HIV-related cognitive and everyday functioning impairments. The resulting classification system, known as the Frascati criteria, defined three types of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND): asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment, mild neurocognitive disorder, and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Consideration of comorbid conditions that can influence neurocognitive performance, such as developmental disabilities, non-HIV forms of CNS compromise (neurological and systemic), severe psychiatric conditions, and substance use disorders, is essential to differential diagnosis. Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), rates of severe HAND (i.e., HAD) have greatly declined, although the milder forms of HAND remain quite prevalent, even in virally suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH). Beyond ART, clinical management of HAND includes behavioral interventions focused on neurocognitive and functional improvements. This chapter covers a range of HAND-related topics, such as the neuropathological mechanisms of HIV-related CNS injury, assessment and diagnostic systems for neurocognitive and everyday functioning impairment in HIV, treatment and protective factors, aging with HIV, HAND in international settings, and ongoing challenges and controversies in the field. Future needs for progress with HAND include advances in early detection of mild cognitive deficits and associated functional impairment in PLWH; biomarkers that may be sensitive to its underlying pathogenesis; and differential diagnosis of HAND versus age-related, non-HIV-associated disorders.

scholarly journals HIV and Sexual Dysfunction in Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088
Author(s):  
Sara De Vincentis ◽  
Giulia Tartaro ◽  
Vincenzo Rochira ◽  
Daniele Santi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sexual Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hiv Management ◽  
Loss Of Libido ◽  
Living With Hiv

Sexual issues tend to go unaddressed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management, although overt sexual dysfunctions are more prevalent in people living with HIV than uninfected people. Erectile dysfunction is the most frequent sexual problem, with a prevalence of 30–50% even in men <40 years of age, but other issues such as loss of libido and ejaculatory disorders should not be overlooked. Peculiar factors related to HIV infection (e.g., fear of virus transmission, changes in body image, HIV-related comorbidities, HIV distress and stigma), alongside classical factors non-related to HIV, should be considered when approaching sexual problems in HIV patients. For this reason, the diagnostic and therapeutic workout of sexual dysfunction in the context of HIV requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving specialists in both infectious diseases and sexual medicine. This narrative review presents an overview of current knowledge on sexual dysfunction in HIV men, deepening the factors driving and taking part in these issues, providing advice for the clinical approach, and underlining the importance of caring for sexual health to improve the quality of life of HIV patients.

Factors associated with overweight/obesity in a cohort of people living with HIV over 50 years of age

AIDS Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Maria Mazzitelli ◽  
Branca Isabel Pereira ◽  
Graeme Moyle ◽  
David Asboe ◽  
Anton Pozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV‐associated neurocognitive impairment in stable people living with HIV on ART in rural Tanzania

HIV Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sanmartí ◽  
AC Meyer ◽  
A Jaen ◽  
K Robertson ◽  
N Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals PIN159 Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life and Medical Costs of People Living with HIV in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S570
Author(s):  
E. Foglia ◽  
B. Menzaghi ◽  
G. Rizzardini ◽  
E. Garagiola ◽  
L.B. Ferrario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Factors associated with delayed and late ART initiation among people living with HIV in BC: results from the engage study

AIDS Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-892
Author(s):  
Sarah Kesselring ◽  
Charles Osborne ◽  
Andrea Bever ◽  
Kate Salters ◽  
Zishan Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Living With Hiv
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