scholarly journals Prevalence, risk-inducing lifestyle, and perceived susceptibility to kidney diseases by gender among Nigerians residents in South Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 860-870
Author(s):  
Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe ◽  
Clifford Odimegwu ◽  
Femi Omololu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Kidney disease (KD) is increasingly recognized as a major public health problem worldwide with rising inci- dence and prevalence. Early identification of KD risk factors will slow down progression to kidney failure and death. Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk-inducing lifestyle and perceived susceptibility among Nigerians in South-west- ern Nigeria. Methods: A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to draw information on socio-demographic, knowledge, risk-inducing lifestyle and perceived susceptibility to conventional risk factors of KD from 1757 residents aged ≥15 years. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 47.61±13.0 years with a male-female ratio of 1.13:1. Knowledge of KD was low (mean score 2.29; 95% CI: 2.18, 2.32). The prevalence of some established KD risk factors was regular use of herbal medications, 26.8% and physical inactivity, 70.0%. Females with factors such as use of herbal drink [RRR: 1.56; CI=1.06- 2.30; p=0.02] and smoking [RRR: 2.72; CI=1.37-5.37; p=0.00] predicted increased odds of perceived susceptibility to KD than their male counterparts. Conclusion: The prevalence of KD risk-inducing lifestyles was high. More emphasis should be placed on effective public health programmes towards behavioural change in order to adopt lifestyle modification as well as to reduce the tendency to develop KD. Keywords: Kidney disease; risk-inducing lifestyles; perceived susceptibility.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Knowledge and Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Fajar Awalia Yulianto ◽  
Eka Nurhayati ◽  
Ahmadillah Firdaus ◽  
Y. Elfi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Public Health Center

The prevalence of non-communicable hypertension in Indonesia in 2007, 2013, and 2018 tends to increase. This phenomenon is predicted to continue. Riskesdas shows that the prevalence of hypertension in 2018 shows the number in the population aged over 18 years based on national measurements of 34.11%. Based on the annual report of the Cinunuk Public Health Center, it shows that hypertension is the largest non-communicable disease pattern in the Cinunuk Public Health Center in 2020, reaching 2672 cases of disease from 12517 cases of other diseases with a percentage of 21.34%. Hypertension is still a major public health problem associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be controlled consistently by modifying a healthy lifestyle. The DASH (Dietary Approach To Stop Hypertension) dietary intervention recommended in national guidelines can substantially lower blood pressure in both people with hypertension and those without hypertension. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge of DASH (Dietary Approach To Stop Hypertension) and hypertension in Cinunuk village in 2021. This study was conducted using a quantitative method with a cross-sectional approach using primary data obtained through google form distribution. The research subjects were the people of Cinunuk Village, Cimekar, a total of 103 respondents who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between Knowledge of DASH and Hypertension in Cinunuk Village (P 0.049), where the hypertension proportion was significantly smaller (2.6%) than the no-hypertension percentage (15.6%) in the group who familiar with DASH. Lifestyle modification, including DASH, play an important role in controlling hypertension.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Human Brucellosis in Wadi Al Dawaser region of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamudha Parveen Rahamathulla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Igm Elisa

Background and Objective: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease and a major public health problem in the Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia. This study has evaluated the seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Wadi Al Dawaser region of Central Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was conducted for three years (2015-2018) at Wadi Al Dawaser general hospital. A total of 6721 clinically suspected serum samples were collected over three years and tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), IgM and IgG ELISA. A standard questionnaire to determine the risk factors were used among patients. Results: Of the total 6721 samples tested, 576 (8.6%) were seropositive for brucellosis. RBPT identified 427 (74.1%), SAT titers 493 (85.6%) cases. IgM ELISA and IgG ELISA were positive for 501 (86.9%) and 558 (96.8%) cases respectively. Among the positive cases, 77.3% were male with the male to female ratio of 3.3:1. Nearly, 82% were Saudi Nationals. Direct contact with domestic animals and consumption of raw milk were the risk factors identified. No seasonal variation was seen. Diagnostic yield of IgM ELISA showed 86.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity; IgG ELISA showed 96.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Both IgG and IgM ELISAs showed 100% Positive predictive value, 98.9% and 95.6% Negative predictive value respectively. Conclusion: A seroprevalence of 8.6% of human brucellosis was documented from this rural region. This is the first report from Wadi Al Dawaser. Frequent surveillance among risk group, vaccination of livestock, creating awareness and health education among the public and school children are recommended. How to cite this:Rahamathulla MP. Seroprevalence of Human Brucellosis in Wadi Al Dawaser region of Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.55 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in a populated area with highly moving populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khajedaluee ◽  
Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht ◽  
Arman Mosavat ◽  
Reza Hekmat ◽  
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hematologic Tests ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD was evaluated in the greater Mashhad, a highly populated pilgrimage city, in 2018 on 2,976 subjects.MethodsThis study was carried out in the greater Mashhad, a highly populated pilgrimage city, in 2018 on 2,976 subjects. For each participant a standard questionnaire, a physical examination and clinical history were completed. Then biochemical and hematologic tests for kidney function were performed.ResultsObesity was observed more frequently in subjects with CKD, thus BMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of CKD (p<0.001). Moderately reduced GFR was found in 17.6% and 7.1%, and severely reduce GFR at 0.7% and 0.5%, of males and females, respectively (p<0.001).Drug abuse also showed a strong association with CKD (p=0.004), but smoking did not. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression of decreased estimated GFR<60 showed that age (OR=1.06), gender (OR=2.14), diabetes (OR=1.07), hypertension (OR=1.39) and drug usage (OR=3.29) were risk factors for CKD; BMI was not. The same statistics showed that only age (OR=1.02), diabetes (OR=2.61) and hypertension (OR=1.16) were risk factors for albuminuria. The prevalence of hypertension (22.1%) was a risk factor for CKD, and vice versa. BMI and drug abuse were also risk factors for hypertension, but not smoking.ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that progression of CKD and hypertension in any population should be considered in the context of changes in human behaviours, etiology, disease severity, co-occurring diseases, addiction and priority of therapy over prevention.

Stratification and Assessment of Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Hospitalized Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md Haidar Ali ◽  
Md Ashikur Rahman ◽  
Mariam Mille ◽  
Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health concern. The adverse outcome of CKD are high in number in developing countries due to scarcity of facilities for renal replacement therapy and high cost of services for management of ESRD. It is one of the leading cause of hospital deaths. CKD is strongly associated with diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis and elevated lipids.  Therefore, identifying the preventable risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms and stratification of CKD helps in decreasing and slowing its progression. This study was conducted for the staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and assessment of the risk factors with CKD in hospitalized patients of Dhaka Medical College Hospital in collaboration with Medicine and Nephrology department. This was a cross sectional observational study where 125 patients having chronic kidney diseases (CKD) were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examinations and investigations, who had fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria admitted in the department of medicine and department of nephrology from January to December 2016. Sampling method was purposive sampling. A specifically designed questionnaire were used to get the personal and medical history data. Blood and urine samples were collected and data was analyzed using SPSS (22.00). Out of 125 patients, no Stage-1 patient was found, remaining were   Stage- 2 CKD 7.2%, Stage- 3 CKD 63.2%, Stage- 4 CKD was 25.6%,  and  Stage- 5 CKD was 4%. Among 125 participants, 52.0% had glomerulonephritis (GN), 31.2% had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 9.6% had hypertension (HTN). Mean age was 48.41 (±13.99) years, mean body weight was 50.61 (±10.73) Kg, mean BMI was 22.9 (±1.69), male female ratio was 3.6:1.  Age group 51 to 60 years were suffering more. The association between CKD and other risk factors including obesity and overweight, use of tobacco, diabetes and hypertension were highly significant. The commonest risk factors for CKD like DM and HTN are also alarmingly high and obviously adding to the existing burden of CKD. Early detection of the risk factors of CKD, early referral to nephrologist, appropriate treatment of hypertension, DM, GN and other risk factors, life style modification with specific emphasis on reduction in salt intake, physical exercise, and abstinence from smoking would retard progression of kidney disease to an advanced stage. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 19-24

scholarly journals The Isle of Wight Suicide Study: a case study of suicide in a limited geographic area

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
H. Shahpesandy ◽  
M. Oakes ◽  
Ad van Heeswijck
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Axis I

BackgroundSuicide is a major public health problem, with mental disorders being one of its major risk factors. The high incidence of suicide on the Isle of Wight has motivated this study, the first of its kind on suicide in this small geographic area.AimThe aim of the study was to identify socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for suicide in the population of service users and non-service users, and gender-related characteristics of suicidal behaviour in a limited geographic region.MethodData were collected on 68 cases of suicide (ICD-10×60-X84) from residents of the Isle of Wight District between January 2006 and December 2009. All data were statistically analysed using Pearson’s χ2 test and Yates’ correction for continuity.ResultsThe mean annual suicide rates over the period were 5.65 per 100 000 for women and 19.28 for men. Significantly (p=0.0006), more men than women (male/female ratio 3:1) died as a result of suicide. Relatively (p=0.07) more women (56.2%) than men (32.7%), and significantly more (p=0.05) service users (45.3%) than non-service users (13.3%) were unemployed. Significantly, more (p=0.0006) service users (64%) than non-service users (20%) had a history of suicide attempts and relatively (p=0.06) more (50.9%) service users than non-service users (20%) had attended the accident and emergency department before their death; 69% had an adverse life event within a year before their suicide. Depression as the most common Axis-I illness was diagnosed in 36% of all; but significantly (p=0.008) more in women (66.6%) than men (17.3%). Relatively (p=0.07) more women (56.2%) than men (32.7%) have contacted services before their death. Suicide by hanging was the most common cause, accounting for the death of 71% of men and 50% of women.ConclusionsThe study found that 80% of all suicides occurred in people suffering from mental disorder. Men are at a significant risk of suicide. Depressive disorders in women and stress-related disorders in men were the most common mental disorders. Treating mental disorders and co-morbid conditions seems to be one of the key elements in suicide prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Improving Global Kidney Health: International Society of Nephrology Initiatives and the Global Kidney Health Atlas

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeera Levin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
International Society ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
International Community ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Kidney Health

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem and is increasingly being recognized as an important driver of costs in all health care systems. The diversity of outcomes for people living with CKD is in part due to variability in biology, access to care, environmental factors, and health care system differences. The International Society of Nephrology (ISN), working in collaboration with its partners, has evolved into a philanthropic organization, from a traditional medical society, committed to a vision that sees “a future where all people have access to sustainable kidney health”. A set of activities, including a Global Kidney Health Summit, the Global Kidney Health Atlas, and a Global Kidney Health Policy Forum, which has formed the basis of a multi-stakeholder engagement process, building on a solid base of ISN programs and educational activities, is described. Through building awareness and increasing capacity to conduct research, the international community will build a more solid foundation on which to advocate for sustainable, ethical solutions to the problem of kidney disease throughout the world. Summary: The ISN aims to improve kidney health worldwide through a variety of diverse activities addressing education, advocacy, and research. Collaboration with partners within and outside the medical community is key in achieving this goal. Key Messages: Kidney disease is an important public health problem and is driven by genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Through active collaboration with diverse partners, the international community is striving for sustainable kidney health and aims to achieve this through coordinated work in a variety of spheres.

Acupuncture Application in Chronic Kidney Disease and its Potential Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 1169-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Fang-Fang He ◽  
Ren-Yu You ◽  
Jing Xiong ◽  
Yu-Mei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Uremic Pruritus

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing major public health problem worldwide. The number of CKD patients on hemodialysis is growing rapidly as well. Acupuncture technique is one of the traditional Chinese medicine methods and has been used in a variety of diseases. Nowadays, the clinical application of acupuncture technique for CKD patients has become the focus for its effectiveness and security. In this paper, we will review the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different acupuncture techniques for CKD patients. In patients with CKD, acupuncture improves renal function, reduces proteinuria, controls hypertension, corrects anemia, relieves pain, and controls many hemodialysis-related complications such as uremic pruritus, insomnia and fatigue. The mechanisms are related to the regulation of sympathetic nerve and the activation of bioactive chemicals. In conclusion, acupuncture is proved to be beneficial for CKD patients. More research, however, is needed to verify the potential mechanisms.

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