scholarly journals Electronic Gambling Machines Outside Casinos: An Environmental Study of Risk Factors in Gambling Venues

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Chrétien ◽  
Annie Goulet ◽  
Daniel Fortin-Guichard ◽  
Joanne Castonguay ◽  
Sophie Derguy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Facteurs De Risque ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Excessive Gambling ◽  
Electronic Gambling

Electronic gambling machine (EGM) licenses are meant to be a complementary revenue source for liquor establishments. Considering this, retailers with more than one license to operate EGMs may benefit from promoting their gambling offer, which may in turn facilitate excessive gambling behaviours. This study compares establishments that possess a single license to operate EGMs with those that are multi-licensed regarding four environmental risk factors: advertisements, automated teller machines, isolated gambling area, and EGM operating hours. A field observation was carried out by seven pairs of observers in 166 establishments in Capitale-Nationale de Quebec (QC), Canada. In each establishment, observers had to complete an observational grid on an iPod touch to gather environmental data related to the identified variables. Results from the stepwise logistic regression show that being a multi-licensed establishment increases the chance of having longer operating hours and displaying non-regulated advertisements that promote gambling. Multi-licensed establishments tend to offer a more attractive gambling environment, which may increase the risk of excessive gambling. Reinforcement of regulations for responsible gambling is discussed.RésuméPour les établissements ayant un permis d’alcool, posséder une licence d’exploitation d’appareils de jeux électroniques (AJE) se traduit par un revenu complémentaire. De ce fait, les détaillants ayant plus d’une licence d’exploitation d’AJE peuvent tirer parti de la promotion de leur offre de jeu, ce qui, en retour, peut encourager des comportements de jeu excessifs. Cette étude compare les établissements qui détiennent une seule licence d’exploitation d’AJE avec ceux qui en détiennent plusieurs en tenant compte de quatre facteurs de risque environnementaux : la publicité, les guichets automatiques, la zone de jeu isolée et les heures d’exploitation des AJE. Une observation sur le terrain a été effectuée par sept paires d’observateurs dans 166 établissements de Capitale-Nationale de Québec (QC), Canada. Dans chaque établissement, ils ont recueilli des données environnementales liées aux variables identifiées qu’ils ont compilées dans une grille d’observation sur un iPod touch. Les résultats du modèle logistique utilisant la régression séquentielle montrent que le fait, pour un établissement, d’avoir plusieurs licences augmente la possibilité de prolonger les heures d’exploitation et d’afficher des publicités non réglementées qui font la promotion du jeu. Les établissements ayant plusieurs licences ont tendance à offrir un environnement de jeu plus attrayant, ce qui peut accroître le risque de jeu excessif. Un resserrement des règles pour une réglementation responsable du jeu est à l’étude.

scholarly journals Prediction of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer among Premenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giannella ◽  
Lillo Bruno Cerami ◽  
Tiziano Setti ◽  
Ezio Bergamini ◽  
Fausto Boselli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Endometrial Pathology

Objective. To create a prediction model including clinical variables for the prediction of premalignant/malignant endometrial pathology in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Methods. This is an observational retrospective study including 240 premenopausal women with AUB referred to diagnostic hysteroscopy. Based on the presence of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) or cancer (EC), the women were divided into cases (EH/EC) and controls (no EH/EC). Univariate, stepwise logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were performed. Results. 12 women had EH/EC (5%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that EH/EC associated significantly with BMI ≥ 30 (OR=7.70, 95% CI 1.90 to 31.17), diabetes (OR=9.71, 95% CI 1.63 to 57.81), and a thickened endometrium (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.34, criterion > 11 mm). The AUC was 0.854 (95% confidence intervals 0.803 to 0.896, p<0.0001). Considering the pretest probability for EH/EC of 5%, the prediction model with a positive likelihood ratio of 8.14 showed a posttest probability of 30%. The simultaneous presence of two or three risk factors was significantly more common in women with EH/EC than controls (50% vs. 6.6 and 25% vs. 0%, respectively, p<0.0001). Conclusion. When premenopausal vaginal bleeding occurs in diabetic obese women with ET > 11 mm, the percentage of premalignant/malignant endometrial pathology increases by 25%. It is likely that the simultaneous presence of several risk factors is necessary to significantly increase the probability of endometrial pathology.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of environmental risk factors for malaria in different geographic contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea McMahon ◽  
Abere Mihretie ◽  
Adem Agmas Ahmed ◽  
Mastewal Lake ◽  
Worku Awoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Boosted Regression Tree

Abstract Background Despite global intervention efforts, malaria remains a major public health concern in many parts of the world. Understanding geographic variation in malaria patterns and their environmental determinants can support targeting of malaria control and development of elimination strategies. Methods We used remotely sensed environmental data to analyze the influences of environmental risk factors on malaria cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax from 2014 to 2017 in two geographic settings in Ethiopia. Geospatial datasets were derived from multiple sources and characterized climate, vegetation, land use, topography, and surface water. All data were summarized annually at the sub-district (kebele) level for each of the two study areas. We analyzed the associations between environmental data and malaria cases with Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models. Results We found considerable spatial variation in malaria occurrence. Spectral indices related to land cover greenness (NDVI) and moisture (NDWI) showed negative associations with malaria, as the highest malaria rates were found in landscapes with low vegetation cover and moisture during the months that follow the rainy season. Climatic factors, including precipitation and land surface temperature, had positive associations with malaria. Settlement structure also played an important role, with different effects in the two study areas. Variables related to surface water, such as irrigated agriculture, wetlands, seasonally flooded waterbodies, and height above nearest drainage did not have strong influences on malaria. Conclusion We found different relationships between malaria and environmental conditions in two geographically distinctive areas. These results emphasize that studies of malaria-environmental relationships and predictive models of malaria occurrence should be context specific to account for such differences.

scholarly journals Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion Rate and Risk Factors After Hemiarthroplasty in Elderly Patients With Femoral Neck Fracture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yue ◽  
Minghui Yang ◽  
Xiaohui Deng ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Multivariate Stepwise Logistic Regression

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the rate and risk factors of allogeneic red blood cell transfusions (ABT) after hemiarthroplasty (HA) in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF).MethodsThe subjects of the study were elderly patients (≥65 years old) who were admitted to the geriatric trauma orthopedics ward of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between March 2018 and June 2019 for HA treatment due to an FNF. The perioperative data were collected retrospectively, and univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the post-operative ABT rate and its risk factors.ResultsThere were 445 patients in the study, of whom 177 (39.8%) received ABT after surgery. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative low hemoglobin (Hb), high intraoperative blood loss (IBL), advanced age, and a low body mass index (BMI) are independent risk factors of ABT after HA in elderly FNF patients.ConclusionABT after HA is a common phenomenon in elderly patients with FNF. Their post-operative ABT needs are related to preoperative low Hb, high IBL, advanced age, and low BMI. Therefore, ABT can be reduced by taking these factors into account. When the same patient had three risk factors (preoperative low hemoglobin, advanced age, and low BMI), the risk of ABT was very high (78.3%). Also, when patients have two risk factors of preoperative low hemoglobin and low BMI, the risk of ABT was also high (80.0%).

scholarly journals Association of Hypertriglycerideamia with Ischaemic Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Biplob Kumar Das ◽  
Kanak Jyoti Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Serum Triglyceride Level ◽  
Analysis Model

Stroke is one of the foremost causes of morbidity, mortality and is a socioeconomic challenge. This is particularly true for developing countries like Bangladesh, where health support system including the rehabilitation system is not within the reach of common people. Hypertriglycerademia has an effective influence in the pathogenesis of Ischaemic Stroke (IS). So, the focus of this study was to evaluate and assess the association of serum triglyceride level in patients of IS. This case control study was carried out in the Department of Neurology in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka from July 2011 to June 2013. In this study, 60 diagnosed cases of ischaemic stroke patients and 60 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. Risk factors of Ischemic Stroke (IS) patients were assessed ( adjusted Odds Ratio) in comparison with healthy adults. In this study, being married [OR. 1.95, 95% CI (0.40-9.42), p=0.409] , smoker [OR.1.65, 95% CI (0.57 - 4.82),p= 0.357], DM [OR. 1.48, 95% CI (0.36-6.06), p=0.582 ], IHD [OR. 1.51, 95% CI (0.29 – 7.89), p=0.624] , HTN [OR. 3.66, 95% CI (1.11–12.12), p=0.033] , overweight [OR.2.31, 95% CI (0.77 – 6.91), 0.135] and obesity [OR. 16.19, 95% CI (1.31–200.6), p=0.030] , increased level of serum TC [OR.8.24, 95% CI (2.07 – 32.83), p=0.003], TG [OR. 9.40, 95% CI (1.17 -75.86), p=0.035], LDL [OR. 0.45, 95% CI (0.10–2.05), p=0.308],and decreased level of HDL [OR. 3.37, 95% CI (1.03 - 12.25), p=0.045] were found as risk factors in developing IS. Independent t-test was done to find out the statistically significant differences of continuous variables like serum lipid profile between case and control group. The mean (SD) value of TG which is focus of this study, was found 237.67 (61.74) in case group, and 169.97 (26.95) in control group which was highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001). All of the significant variables were entered into stepwise logistic regression analysis model. From the logistic regression model, it can be finally concluded that hypertension, obesity, increased level of TC, increased level of TG and decreased level of HDL were statistically significant risk factors for development of IS. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2016; Vol. 32 (1): 34-38

scholarly journals Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion Rate and Risk Factors in Elderly Patients With Femoral Neck Fracture After Hemiarthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yue ◽  
Minghui Yang ◽  
Xiaohui Deng ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
Multivariate Stepwise Logistic Regression

Abstract Objective: To determine the rate and risk factors of allogeneic red blood cell transfusions (ABT) in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) after hemiarthroplasty (HA). Methods: We conducted a study on elderly patients (≥65 years old) who were admitted to the geriatric trauma orthopedics ward of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital for HA treatment from March 2018 to February 2019 due to FNF. The perioperative data were collected retrospectively, and univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the postoperative ABT rate and its risk factors. Results: 343 patients were included in the study, of which 151 (44.0%) received ABT after surgery. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative low hemoglobin (Hb), high intraoperative blood loss (IBL), advanced age, and low body mass index (BMI) are independent risk factors of ABT after HA in elderly FNF patients. Conclusion: ABT after HA is a common phenomenon in elderly patients with FNF. Their postoperative ABT needs are related to preoperative low Hb, high IBL, advanced age, and low BMI. Therefore, ABT can be reduced from the above aspects.

scholarly journals Mes ennemis, les facteurs de risque My enemies, the risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghannem ◽  
M. Saighi Bouaouina ◽  
L. Ghannem ◽  
S. Ahmaidi ◽  
P. Meimoun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Facteurs De Risque

Abstract P014: Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Low Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monik C Jimenez ◽  
JoAnn E Manson ◽  
Kathryn M Rexrode
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hormone Use

Introduction: Low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels recently have been related to elevated risk of ischemic stroke. However, the association between DHEAS and traditional cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear. Methods: Blood samples were collected in 1989-1990 among 32,826 participants of the Nurses’ Health Study. Samples were assayed for DHEAS, lipids, and other biomarkers as part of a nested case control study evaluating risk of ischemic stroke and 340 stroke-free controls with complete data were available. Lifestyle covariates were ascertained in 1988. Stepwise logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of between CVD risk factors and low DHEAS (<42 μ g/dL), while stepwise linear regression was used to evaluate the association with continuous DHEAS. Stepwise models utilized an entry threshold of α=0.20 and exit criterion of α=0.10. Results: The mean level of DHEAS was 78.38 μ g/dL (s.d. 50.02; median=67.03) in this population of women aged 43-69 years (median=62). Age was strongly associated with lower DHEAS. Women with history of heart disease and higher total/HDL cholesterol were more likely to have low DHEAS. In stepwise logistic regression analyses, age (OR=2.94; 95%CI: 1.73-5.00 for 10 yrs) and history of heart disease (OR=1.84; 95% CI: 0.91-3.70) were identified as risk factors for low DHEAS. In stepwise linear regression modeling, age, postmenopausal hormone use, history of heart disease and C-reactive protein (CRP) were associated with lower DHEAS levels while alcohol use was associated with higher DHEAS levels (Table 1). Body mass index, smoking, diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipids were not associated with low DHEAS. Conclusions: In this population of healthy women, lower levels of DHEAS were associated with older age, history of heart disease, postmenopausal hormone use, higher CRP and lower levels of alcohol consumption. Further research is needed to explore these associations. Table 1 Multivariable * adjusted estimates for DHEAS by cardiovascular disease risk factors DHEAS (continuous μ g/dL) β † 95%CI Age ‡ −28.40 −36.75, -20.05 History of Heart disease −18.76 −39.23, 1.71 Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Use & −12.01 −21.99, -2.04 CRP £ (mg/L) −0.66 −1.37, 0.04 Alcohol # (g/day) 2.95 0.46, 5.45 * All variables mutually adjusted for one another † Estimated from stepwise logistic regression model ‡ per 10 year increase in age & Ref = No use of postmenopausal hormone therapy £ per 1 unit increase in C-reactive protein (CRP- mg/L) # per 5 unit increase in alcohol consumption (g/day)

Abstract 13312: Risk Factors for the Development of Tachyarrhythmia Following the Norwood Procedure in the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Oster ◽  
Shan Chen ◽  
David Pober ◽  
Yaniv Bar-Cohen ◽  
Matthew Brothers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Single Ventricle ◽  
Norwood Procedure ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Model C ◽  
Multivariate Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Variables

Background: Tachyarrhythmias are an important contributor to morbidity following the Norwood procedure for single ventricle congenital heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine what demographic, preoperative, or operative factors may be associated with the development of postoperative tachyarrhythmias in this population. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively through the multicenter Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial for infants undergoing a Norwood procedure in 2005-2008. Our primary outcome of interest was any documented tachyarrhythmia requiring treatment or intervention during the inpatient postoperative stay. Subjects with a documented preoperative tachyarrhythmia (n=15) were excluded. After performing univariate chi-square analyses on a variety of candidate factors, we conducted multivariate stepwise logistic regression, including spline terms for nonlinearly associated variables, to calculate the adjusted odds ratios for the final variables. Results: Of 529 subjects, 108 (20%) had at least one documented tachyarrhythmia, with 11 having more than one. Tachyarrhythmias included: 77 supraventricular tachycardia, 23 junctional ectopic tachycardia, 10 atrial flutter, 7 ventricular tachycardia, and 2 atrial fibrillation. In the final multivariate model (c-statistic=0.65), significant factors associated with arrhythmia included receiving a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, use of ultrafiltration, and age. (Table) Conclusions: Tachyarrhythmias are common following the Norwood procedure and are associated with the modifiable risk factors of shunt type and use of ultrafiltration. In addition, when surgery is performed between 8 and 20 days of age, older age is associated with a decreasing risk for tachyarrhythmia.

High genetic merit and high-producing dairy cows in commercial Australian herds don't have substantially worse reproductive performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
J.M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Fat Yield

AbstractThe National Dairy Herd Fertility Project (renamed the InCalf Project) consists of two large, prospective observational studies conducted in commercial dairy herds from 4 Australian states. The project aims to identify factors associated with variation in reproductive performance between cows and herds. The larger of the two studies included over 33,000 cows and 168 herds. The database has undergone extensive error checking and correction resulting in high quality data. Large variations in reproductive performance were observed between cows and herds, indicating that there are important risk factors for reproductive performance and that cows and herds are exposed to varying combinations of these risk factors. Models for several reproductive outcomes were constructed using multivariable stepwise logistic regression. No significant associations were detected between any measures of cow genetic merit and 6 week in-calf rate. Neither milk volume nor protein yield were significantly associated with 6 week in-calf rate. A weak negative association was detected between fat yield in the first 120 days of lactation and 6 week in-calf rate. However, differences in estimated 6-week in-calf rate between moderate and high producing groups (2 to 5 percentage points) were small when contrasted against the 63 percentage point range in performance observed between herds (23% to 86%).

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Health Care-Associated Infections and Risk Factors in a University Hospital

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Gailienė ◽  
Zita Gierasimovič ◽  
Daiva Petruševičienė ◽  
Aušra Macijauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of health care-associated infections, risk factors, and antimicrobial use. Material and Methods. The study was carried out as a point-prevalence study in acute care wards, i.e., intensive care, surgical, and medical wards, at Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos in April 2010. The study variables included the patient’s general data, indwelling devices, surgery, infection and its microbiological investigation, and antimicrobial use. All the variables that were logically related or had a P value of <0.25 in the univariate analysis were included in the stepwise logistic regression in order to study the factors potentially associated with health careassociated infections. Results. A total of 731 patients were surveyed. The overall prevalence rate of health care-associated infections was 3.8%. The prevalence of health care-associated infections differed by hospital wards (range 0.0%–19.2%). The lower respiratory tract (32.2%), urinary tract (28.5%), and surgical site infections (32.1%) were the most common health care-associated infections. Moreover, 89.3% of the cases of health care-associated infections were microbiologically investigated. Staphylococcus aureus (28.6%) and Escherichia coli (19.1%) were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. The use of one or more invasive devices was recorded in 332 patients (45.4%). Of the surveyed patients, 20.2% received antimicrobial agents. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents were fluoroquinolones (21.1%), broad-spectrum penicillins (19.1%), and first- or second-generation cephalosporins (18.6%). Conclusions. The prevalence of health care-associated infections was found to be similar to the reported overall prevalence rate of health care-associated infections in acute care hospitals in Lithuania.

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