scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Introducing a State Monopoly Operator to an Unregulated Online Gambling Market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kairouz ◽  
Ingo Fiedler ◽  
Eva Monson ◽  
Nicole Arsenault
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Real Money ◽  
Online Poker ◽  
Before And After ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Online Forms ◽  
Population Générale ◽  
Gambling Patterns

Recent expansions in regulated offerings to include online forms of gambling have been undertaken amid animated debate on the potential impacts of this legalization. The objective of the present study is to examine changes in online gambling patterns before and after the opening of Espacejeux: the state-operated gambling website in Québec, Canada. Information on gambling habits was drawn from two repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted with samples representative of the general adult population of the province of Québec in 2009 (N = 11,888) and 2012 (N = 12,008). Behavioural data were retrieved from the Online Poker Database of the University of Hamburg (ODP-UHH) for 4,591,298 (2009/2010) and 2,909,562 (2013) unique real money poker identities; all Québec players were retained for analysis. Gambling patterns before and after legalization of online gambling were compared. The prevalence of Internet gambling remained stable: 1.5% of the population gambled online in 2012 compared to 1.4% in 2009. Of those surveyed, 82.5% continued to gamble on unregulated sites in 2012 and data from OPD-UHH confirmed that 90% of all real money online poker players still bet on unregulated sites in 2013. Results suggest that it may be prudent for government stakeholders to consider alternative approaches for managing online gambling offerings. Longitudinal analyses are needed to disentangle the effects of legalization of online gambling.RésuméL’augmentation récente d’offres réglementées, notamment des jeux en ligne, a fait l’objet de vifs débats sur les répercussions possibles de cette légalisation. Cette étude examine les changements dans les modèles de jeux en ligne avant et après l’ouverture d’Espacejeux, le site de jeux exploité par la province de Québec, au Canada. L’information sur les habitudes de jeu a été tirée de deux enquêtes transversales répétées, réalisées avec des échantillons représentatifs de la population générale adulte de la province de Québec en 2009 (N = 11 888) et 2012 (N = 12 008). Les données comportementales ont été tirées de la base de données de poker en ligne de l’Université de Hambourg (ODP-UHH) sur 4 591 298 (2009/2010) et 2 909 562 (2013) joueurs de poker avec argent réel. Tous les joueurs québécois ont été retenus pour l’analyse. On a comparé les modèles de jeu avant et après la légalisation de jeux en ligne. La prévalence de jeu sur Internet est restée stable : 1,5 % de la population a joué en ligne en 2012 contre 1,4 % en 2009. Parmi les personnes sondées, 82,5 % d’entre elles ont continué de jouer sur des sites non réglementés en 2012 et les données de l’Université de Hambourg ont permis de confirmer que 90 % des joueurs de poker en ligne avec argent réel misent toujours sur des sites non réglementés en 2013. Avec ces résultats, les parties prenantes du gouvernement seraient avisées d’envisager d’autres approches pour la gestion des offres de jeux en ligne. Il faut effectuer des analyses longitudinales pour distinguer clairement les effets de la légalisation du jeu en ligne.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Introducing a State Monopoly Operator to an Unregulated Online Gambling Market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kairouz ◽  
Ingo Fiedler ◽  
Eva Monson ◽  
Nicole Arsenault
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Real Money ◽  
Online Poker ◽  
Before And After ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Online Forms ◽  
Population Générale ◽  
Gambling Patterns

Recent expansions in regulated offerings to include online forms of gambling have been undertaken amid animated debate on the potential impacts of this legalization. The objective of the present study is to examine changes in online gambling patterns before and after the opening of Espacejeux: the state-operated gambling website in Québec, Canada. Information on gambling habits was drawn from two repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted with samples representative of the general adult population of the province of Québec in 2009 (N = 11,888) and 2012 (N = 12,008). Behavioural data were retrieved from the Online Poker Database of the University of Hamburg (ODP-UHH) for 4,591,298 (2009/2010) and 2,909,562 (2013) unique real money poker identities; all Québec players were retained for analysis. Gambling patterns before and after legalization of online gambling were compared. The prevalence of Internet gambling remained stable: 1.5% of the population gambled online in 2012 compared to 1.4% in 2009. Of those surveyed, 82.5% continued to gamble on unregulated sites in 2012 and data from OPD-UHH confirmed that 90% of all real money online poker players still bet on unregulated sites in 2013. Results suggest that it may be prudent for government stakeholders to consider alternative approaches for managing online gambling offerings. Longitudinal analyses are needed to disentangle the effects of legalization of online gambling.RésuméL’augmentation récente d’offres réglementées, notamment des jeux en ligne, a fait l’objet de vifs débats sur les répercussions possibles de cette légalisation. Cette étude examine les changements dans les modèles de jeux en ligne avant et après l’ouverture d’Espacejeux, le site de jeux exploité par la province de Québec, au Canada. L’information sur les habitudes de jeu a été tirée de deux enquêtes transversales répétées, réalisées avec des échantillons représentatifs de la population générale adulte de la province de Québec en 2009 (N = 11 888) et 2012 (N = 12 008). Les données comportementales ont été tirées de la base de données de poker en ligne de l’Université de Hambourg (ODP-UHH) sur 4 591 298 (2009/2010) et 2 909 562 (2013) joueurs de poker avec argent réel. Tous les joueurs québécois ont été retenus pour l’analyse. On a comparé les modèles de jeu avant et après la légalisation de jeux en ligne. La prévalence de jeu sur Internet est restée stable : 1,5 % de la population a joué en ligne en 2012 contre 1,4 % en 2009. Parmi les personnes sondées, 82,5 % d’entre elles ont continué de jouer sur des sites non réglementés en 2012 et les données de l’Université de Hambourg ont permis de confirmer que 90 % des joueurs de poker en ligne avec argent réel misent toujours sur des sites non réglementés en 2013. Avec ces résultats, les parties prenantes du gouvernement seraient avisées d’envisager d’autres approches pour la gestion des offres de jeux en ligne. Il faut effectuer des analyses longitudinales pour distinguer clairement les effets de la légalisation du jeu en ligne.

scholarly journals Distribution of health anxiety in a general adult population and associations with demographic and social network characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anja Davis Norbye ◽  
Birgit Abelsen ◽  
Olav Helge Førde ◽  
Unni Ringberg
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
General Adult Population

Abstract Background Health anxiety (HA) is associated with increased risk of disability, increased health care utilization and reduced quality of life. However, there is no consensus on which factors are important for the level of HA. The aim of this study was to explore the distribution of HA in a general adult population and to investigate whether demographic and social factors were associated with HA. Methods This study used cross-sectional data from the seventh Tromsø study. A total of 18 064 participants aged 40 years or older were included in the analysis. The six-item Whiteley Index (WI-6) with a 5-point Likert scale was used to measure HA. Sociodemographic factors included age, sex, education, household income, quality of friendship and participation in an organized activity. Results HA showed an exponential distribution among the participants with a median score of 2 points out of 24 points. In total, 75% had a total score of 5 points or less, whereas 1% had a score >14 points. Education, household income, quality of friendship and participation in organized activity were significantly associated with HA. The variable quality of friendship demonstrated the strongest association with HA. Conclusion Our study showed an exponential distribution of HA in a general adult population. There was no evident cut-off point to distinguish participants with severe HA based on their WI-6 score, indicating the importance of analysing HA as a complex, continuous construct. HA demonstrated strong associations with quality of friendship and participation in an organized activity.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammation Score With Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Iranian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi ◽  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Elaheh Asgari ◽  
Zahra Akbarzadeh ◽  
Nasim Janbozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Inflammation Score

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between the dietary and lifestyle inflammation score (DLIS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a sample of Iranian adults.Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.Setting: General adult population living in Tehran, Iran.Subjects: We included 827 adult men and women with an age range of 18–59 years who were referred to health centers in different districts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 items. The DLIS was calculated based on four components, including dietary inflammation score, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and general obesity. Higher DLIS represents a more proinflammatory diet and lifestyle. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS across quartiles of the DLIS was calculated by using logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, energy intake, marital status, education status, and occupation.Results: A total of 827 participants (31% men) were included, with a mean age of 44.7 ± 10.7 years. The prevalence of the MetS was 30.5%. The DLIS ranged between −2.35 and +3.19 (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 1.09). There was a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS (OR fourthvs.thefirstquartile: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01–2.45) in the fully adjusted model.Conclusion: Our results showed a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS. The results of the present crosssectional study suggested that having a more proinflammatory lifestyle can be associated with MetS. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.

scholarly journals Glycemic Variability and Its Association With Demographics and Lifestyles in a General Adult Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gude ◽  
Pablo Díaz-Vidal ◽  
Cintia Rúa-Pérez ◽  
Manuela Alonso-Sampedro ◽  
Carmen Fernández-Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Adult Population

Objective: The objective was to investigate glycemic variability indices in relation to demographic factors and common environmental lifestyles in a general adult population. Methods: The A Estrada Glycation and Inflammation Study is a cross-sectional study covering 1516 participants selected by sampling of the population aged 18 years and over. A subsample of 622 individuals participated in the Glycation project, which included continuous glucose monitoring procedures. Five glycemic variability indices were analyzed, that is, SD, MAGE, MAG, CONGA1, and MODD. Results: Participants had a mean age of 48 years, 62% were females, and 12% had been previously diagnosed with diabetes. In the population without diabetes, index distributions were not normal but skewed to the right. Distributional regression models that adjusted for age, gender, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity confirmed that all indices were positively and independently associated with fasting glucose levels and negatively with heavy drinking. SD, MAGE, and CONGA1 were positively associated with aging, and MAG was negatively associated with BMI. None of the GVI studied were influenced by physical activity. Age-group-specific reference values are given for the indices. Conclusions: This study yielded age-specific reference values for glucose variability indices in a general adult population. Significant increases were observed with aging. Heavy drinking of more than 140 g/week was associated with significant decreases in variability indices. No differences were found between males and females. These normative ranges provide a guide for clinical care, and may offer an alternative treatment target among persons with diabetes.

scholarly journals PTSD prevalence among resident mothers and their offspring in Rwanda 25 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestin Mutuyimana ◽  
Vincent Sezibera ◽  
Epaphrodite Nsabimana ◽  
Lambert Mugabo ◽  
Cindi Cassady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Exposure To Trauma ◽  
Ptsd Prevalence

Abstract Background The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi was a major traumatic event affecting nearly all Rwandans. Significant psychological sequels continue to occur in the population 25 years after, with a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) found in women. Three groups are typically designated with regard to the Genocide against the Tutsi: those who were targeted and categorized as genocide “survivors,” those who were in the country during the genocide and were the “non-targeted” group, and those who were outside of the country, referred to as the “1959 returnees.” Each group experienced various traumatic events during and in the aftermath of the genocide. Offspring of the designated groups, currently exhibit symptoms of PTSD disregarding of being born in the years following the genocide. A number of studies have described the prevalence of PTSD in the general adult population. There is a lack of research comparing the prevalence of PTSD in women and their offspring among these three target groups, therefore, this study aimed to bridge the gap. Methods We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study with a sample of 432 mothers and 432 children in three categories: genocide survivors, in country non-targeted and 1959 returnees. Participant ages for children were between 14 to 22 years and for mothers, between the ages of 32 to 87 years. The UCLA-PTSD DSM-5, PTSD Check list-5 and Life events Checklist-5 were translated from English to Kinyarwanda and were used to assess exposure to trauma and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in Rwandan mothers and their offspring. Results Key Results yield a PTSD rate of 18.8, 6.2, 5.2% within survivors, in country non-targeted, and returnees respectively with an average PTSD rate of 43.8% for parents, and 16.5% for offspring. Conclusion PTSD among the mothers’ groups and their offspring have been found, specifically in the offspring of genocide survivors. Considering these adolescents were not born at the time of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, the results suggest future studies should explore the precipitating factors contributing to the PTSD symptoms within this specific group.

scholarly journals Gambling involvement, type of gambling and grade point average among 18–29-year-old Finnish men and women

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Latvala ◽  
Hannu Alho ◽  
Susanna Raisamo ◽  
Anne H Salonen
Keyword(s):  
Grade Point Average ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Type Of Gambling ◽  
Online Poker ◽  
Gambling Involvement

Aims: This study explores the associations between gambling involvement, type of gambling, at-risk and problem gambling (ARPG) and register-based grade point average (GPA), among Finnish people aged 18–29 years ( N = 676). It is assumed that high gambling involvement and engaging in certain types of gambling are linked to ARPG, and that low school achievement is positively associated with these measures. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional random sample was collected in 2015. The data were weighted based on gender, age and region. Analyses were carried out using logistic regression models. Results: Frequent gambling, playing several game types, online gambling and ARPG were more common among men than women. Those with low GPA played fast and low-paced daily lottery games and used online casinos significantly more often than men and women with average/high GPA. Men with a low GPA were also more likely to gamble on a weekly basis and played casino games and online poker more often. For women with a low GPA online gambling and playing slot machines were more common than for women with an average/high GPA. When controlling for sociodemographic variables and gambling involvement, men’s participation in daily lottery games and online poker was significantly associated with a low GPA, but among women none of the game types remained statistically significant. Among women, playing several different game types was linked with a low GPA. Conclusions: It seems that poorer school achievement is associated not only with frequent gambling, a large number of game types played and online gambling, but also, to some extent at least, with game type preferences.

Associations between different types and sources of dietary fibre intake and depressive symptoms in a general population of adults: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yang Xia ◽  
Yashu Liu ◽  
Shunming Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between dietary fibre (DF) intake and depressive symptoms in a general adult population in Tianjin, China. A total of 24 306 participants (mean age 41 years; range 18–91 years) were enrolled. DF intake was assessed using a validated self-administered FFQ. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Socio-demographic, behavioural, health status and dietary factors were adjusted. In men, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for total, soluble, vegetable and soya DF, OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·83 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·99), 0·74 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·87), 0·79 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·96) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·81), respectively. In women, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for vegetable and soya DF, the OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·77 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·93) and 0·82 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·95), respectively. No association was found between total or soluble DF intake and depressive symptoms in women. No association was found between insoluble, cereal, fruit or tuber DF intake and depressive symptoms in men and women. Linear associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were only detected for soya DF (men, β = –0·148, P < 0·0001; women, β = –0·069, P = 0·04). Results suggest that intake of soluble, vegetable and soya DF was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. These results should be confirmed through prospective and interventional studies.

scholarly journals Factors associated with active aging in Finland, Poland, and Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1363-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Perales ◽  
Steven Martin ◽  
Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos ◽  
Somnath Chatterji ◽  
Noe Garin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
External Variables ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Psychosocial Perspective ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACTBackground:Continuous population aging has raised international policy interest in promoting active aging (AA). AA theoretical models have been defined from a biomedical or a psychosocial perspective. These models may be expanded including components suggested by lay individuals. This paper aims to study the correlates of AA in three European countries, namely, Spain, Poland, and Finland using four different definitions of AA.Methods:The EU COURAGE in Europe project was a cross-sectional general adult population survey conducted in a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population of Finland, Poland, and Spain. Participants (10,800) lived in the community. This analysis focuses on individuals aged 50 years old and over (7,987). Four definitions (two biomedical, one psychosocial, and a complete definition including biomedical, psychosocial, and external variables) of AA were analyzed.Results:Differences in AA were found for country, age, education, and occupation. Finland scored consistently the highest in AA followed by Spain and Poland. Younger age was associated with higher AA. Higher education and occupation was associated with AA. Being married or cohabiting was associated with better AA compared to being widowed or separated in most definitions. Gender and urbanicity were not associated with AA, with few exceptions. Men scored higher in AA only in Spain, whereas there was no gender association in the other two countries. Being widowed was only associated with lower AA in Poland and not being married was associated with lower AA in Poland and Finland but not Spain.Conclusions:Associations with education, marital status, and occupation suggest that these factors are the most important components of AA. These association patterns, however, seem to vary across the three countries. Actions to promote AA in these countries may be addressed at reducing inequalities in occupation and education or directly tackling the components of AA lacking in each country.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mobile Health Technology Use for Self-Tracking Between Older Adults and the General Adult Population in Canada: Cross-Sectional Survey

10.2196/24718 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e24718
Author(s):  
Mirou Jaana ◽  
Guy Paré
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Adult Population

Background The burden of population aging and chronic conditions has been reported worldwide. Older adults, especially those with high needs, experience social isolation and have high rates of emergency visits and limited satisfaction with the care they receive. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies present opportunities to address these challenges. To date, limited information is available on Canadian older adults’ attitudes toward and use of mHealth technologies for self-tracking purposes—an area that is increasingly important and relevant during the COVID-19 era. Objective This study presents contributions to an underresearched area on older adults and mHealth technology use. The aim of this study was to compare older adults’ use of mHealth technologies to that of the general adult population in Canada and to investigate the factors that affect their use. Methods A cross-sectional survey on mHealth and digital self-tracking was conducted. A web-based questionnaire was administered to a national sample of 4109 Canadian residents who spoke either English or French. The survey instrument consisted of 3 sections assessing the following items: (1) demographic characteristics, health status, and comorbidities; (2) familiarity with and use of mHealth technologies (ie, mobile apps, consumer smart devices/wearables such as vital signs monitors, bathroom scales, fitness trackers, intelligent clothing); and (3) factors influencing the continued use of mHealth technologies. Results Significant differences were observed between the older adults and the general adult population in the use of smart technologies and internet (P<.001). Approximately 47.4% (323/682) of the older adults in the community reported using smartphones and 49.8% (340/682) indicated using digital tablets. Only 19.6% (91/463) of the older adults using smartphones/digital tablets reported downloading mobile apps, and 12.3% (47/383) of the older adults who heard of smart devices/wearables indicated using them. The majority of the mobile apps downloaded by older adults was health-related; interestingly, their use was sustained over a longer period of time (P=.007) by the older adults compared to that by the general population. Approximately 62.7% (428/682) of the older adults reported tracking their health measures, but the majority did so manually. Older adults with one or more chronic conditions were mostly nontrackers (odds ratio 0.439 and 0.431 for traditional trackers and digital trackers, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the older adults and the general adult population with regard to satisfaction with mHealth technologies and their intention to continue using them. Conclusions Leveraging mHealth technologies in partnership with health care providers and sharing of health/well-being data with health care professionals and family members remain very limited. A culture shift in the provision of care to older adults is deemed necessary to keep up with the development of mHealth technologies and the changing demographics and expectations of patients and their caregivers.

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