scholarly journals Gambling problems as a political framing-Safeguarding the monopolies in Finland and Sweden

2011 ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Cisneros Örnberg ◽  
Tuukka Tammi
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Problems ◽  
European Law ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Gambling Industry ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Political Framing ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Gambling Policy

Many EU member states are currently rethinking their gambling laws and policies to adapt to European law and to take into account increased technological possibilities for the gambling industry and increased competition on national gambling markets. Some of the countries have responded to the new situation by giving up or remarkably weakening their monopolies, but other countries have, on the contrary, reformed their monopoly systems to strengthen them to meet the new challenges. This article analyses gambling policy reforms in Finland and Sweden, where the liberalisation trend has been contested to safeguard the monopoly systems. The main means have been an increased focus on gambling-related problems and emphasis on the responsible nature and particular capability of monopoly-based systems to tackle these problems. This has made it possible not only to keep the monopoly system intact but also to expand its field of activities to the Internet as a responsible measure.

scholarly journals Demographic changes in Europe – new challenges for the European labour market

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Daniela Dvořáková
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Working Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
New Situation ◽  
The Eu

The EU is about to face a significant changes in the demographic structure of its labour force. The main causes are the reduction in fertility rates, ageing of population and increasing immigration flows. According to the projections, already in the years 2013–2014 should the share of the EU’s working population start to decline. The number of people aged over 60 is increasing about two million every year. Shrinking working population and a higher amount of retired people will place additional strains on public sector finance. How to adopt the economy and other policies to this new situation? How to maintain European global competitivness and strong position in the world? This paper discuss the main demographic changes in Europe and how to deal with them, it presents and discuss solutions how to make from a challenge an opportunity.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity in the EU and Member States: Genesis and Issues of its Enhancing

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Viktor Boiko ◽  
Mykola Vasylenko ◽  
Serhii Kukharenko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the issues of establishing cybersecurity in the EU and its member-states at the legislative level as viewed from the point of a systematic approach. The authors identified problematic aspects of improving cybersecurity quality and conditions. They analyzed the impact of the EU member states legislation on cy-bersecurity. The article as well considers the process of ICT development and pre-sents the ways of creating new challenges by means of new technologies. Key words: cybersecurity, cyber resilience, regulatory instruments, EU legislation, innovations.

Law, Equality, and Entrepreneurship Through a Gendered Lens

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-149
Author(s):  
Shubha Sandill
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Law And Society ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Grassroots Advocacy ◽  
Family Entrepreneurship

An insurmountable amount of great research being done in academia rarely gets transformed into laws and policies. This can be attributed to the disconnect between academia, law/policy makers, and decision-making tables. A three-pronged approach to bridge the gap between academic scholarship, grassroots advocacy, and political activism could be instrumental in impacting socio-legal and policy reforms. Gender, as a social construct, has intersected since time immemorial with the way law and society have been organized. Law, as a hegemonic collection of practices and processes, has actively perpetuated a particular social order that did not go far enough in matching lived realities. This chapter begins with the author's efforts to examine family law and social inequality through a gendered lens by exploring marriage, divorce, and family entrepreneurship. It further outlines the ongoing debates about gender vs. diversity mainstreaming in policy realms. Lastly, it concludes with how these experiences drove the author's passion for grassroots advocacy, which finally led the author to political activism.

Human Rights in EU Migration Laws and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 463-538
Author(s):  
Jan Wouters ◽  
Michal Ovádek
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Immigration And Emigration ◽  
Free Movement Of Workers ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Eu

This chapter analyses the tools used as part of EU migration policy and argues that these are very much focused on control which has negative implications for the human rights of migrants. The EU's current status as a major international player in migration governance has become only possible after the development of the relevant competences on migration and asylum. The original Treaty of Rome included no provisions on migration other than those ushering in the free movement of workers among EU Member States. Today, the free movement of EU Member State nationals has been incorporated into the notion of EU citizenship which does not create a new and separate bond of nationality between the EU and the citizen, but refers to a collection of rights, duties, and political participation stemming from EU law. While the notion of migration covers both immigration and emigration, the chapter focuses on the laws and policies regulating immigration into the EU and briefly touches upon third country nationals' (TCNs) rights of residence and movement within the EU.

scholarly journals II. Justice and Home Affairs

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Karl Newman ◽  
Neil Walker
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
European Law ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Institutional Complexity ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Introductory Note ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treaty Of Amsterdam

The addition of “Justice and Home Affairs” (JHA) to the list of subjects covered in Current Developments reflects the growing significance of this area of European law and policy within the overall Treaty framework. In this introductory note, a brief account is given of the history of co-operation between EU member States in JHA matters, culminating in the significant changes announced in the Treaty of Amsterdam in October 1997. It is a historical record which is marked by discontinuity and institutional complexity, full justice to which would require detailed analysis. Here we confine ourselves instead to a broad-brush approach, seeking to highlight the main themes which have characterised JHA co-operation. In future notes particular areas and issues of current interest will be examined more closely.

scholarly journals Szabadság határokkal, avagy európai útmutató a szólásszabadság jogszerű gyakorlásához

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
László Vári
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
Fake News ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
New Challenges

Az online kommunikációs tér kínálta lehetőségekkel, illetve annak egyre terjedő használatával felértékelődött a vélemény és a kifejezés szabadságának jelentősége, a mindennapok szóhasználatával pedig a szólás- és sajtószabadság szerepe. Nemcsak azért, mert a mobil világ kiváló, eddig nem ismert lehetőségeket hordoz magában a szabadságjog gyakorlásához, érvényesüléséhez, hanem mert a digitális korban újabb, eddig ismeretlen vagy kevésbé jelentős problémák is felerősödnek. A félrevezető és álhírek, a profilfelfüggesztés, a kommenttörlés, a rágalmazás, és a gyűlöletbeszéd még sokáig lehetne sorolni azokat a problémákat, melyek egytől egyig a kifejezés szabadságának jogszerűtlen gyakorlatára vezethetők vissza. Mindezek nemcsak egyéni, de társadalmi szinten is komoly veszélyt jelentenek, így befolyásolva a demokratikus társadalmakat és azok fejlődését. Éppen ezért válik jelentőssé az a kérdés, hogy hogyan lehet a szólásszabadság sérelmére visszavezethető problémákat kiküszöbölni, és az említett kihívásokra megoldást találni. A következő oldalakon a nemzetközi és európai jogból, azok magyarázataiból és az európai joggyakorlatból kiolvasható válaszokat gyűjtjük össze, hogy rávilágítsunk a jogsértések okaira, és európai megoldásokat keressünk azok orvoslására. --- Liberty with limitations, a European guide to the rightful exercise of the freedom of expression In the digital age, in line with the opportunities of cyberspace and the increasing use of mobile communication the importance of freedom of expression, the so-called free speech and freedom of the press have become more salient. Not only because they carry new opportunities for the practice and the prevalence of freedom, but because new challenges emerge alongside new opportunities. Misleading and fake news, profile suspensions, deleted comments, defamation, hate speech and many other problems, can all stem from the violation of the freedom of opinion and expression. These violations of freedom carry dangers both at an individual and sociatal level, thus influencing the everyday life of democratic societies and their development. Therefore, the question becomes crucial: how can we fix these problems and provide the best solution to these challenges. In the following we will explore international and European law, their explanations and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in order to find European explanations behind the reasons for violations, as well as legal solutions for exercising freedom of expression. Keywords: freedom of expression, international and regional freedom of expression law, European case-law, 3rd party liability, public watchdogs, misleading and fake news, defamation, hate speech, copyright

Recognition Of Companies Incorporated In Other EU Member States

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Micheler
Keyword(s):  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
European Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court

Few decisions of the European Court of Justice have received as much attention as the 1999 judgement in Centros.1 This decision provided private international lawyers with an opportunity to examine choice of law in relation to companies against the background of European law. It also caused company lawyers to re-examine their national legislation in the light of foreign rules.

elni Members and Networks: J&E - More than just an NGO

elni Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Pavel Černý
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Members ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
New Association

Justice & Environment (J&E) is a non-partisan, mission-driven network of five public interest environmental law and nature protection organisations from EU Member States. J&E aims to use environmental law to protect people, the environment and nature. Their primary goal is to ensure the implementation and enforcement of EU legislation through the use of European law and exchange of information. As a new association, J&E is committed to growth and welcomes new members, especially from new Member States.

The transposition of European law in EU member states: between process and politics

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Steunenberg ◽  
Mark Rhinard
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
European Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Member States ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Directives

This paper illuminates a critical stage of the implementation of European law: the transposition of European Union (EU) directives. Directives must be transposed into national policies in order to give effect to European law, yet most national authorities experience considerable transposition difficulties. For this reason, the study of transposition has become a focal point within the broader research agenda on non-compliance in the European Union. Highlighting several popular explanatory variables but noting the sometimes contradictory results that follow from empirical testing, this paper outlines an approach that views transposition as a process taking place largely within ministerial agencies rather than across government systems. By using variables related to these domestic processes in our empirical analysis, the paper shows how such an approach can help to explain the way in which member states transpose EU directives.

scholarly journals Profit Shifting and the Tax Response of Multinational Banks in Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-736
Author(s):  
Daniel Anarfi ◽  
Danuše Nerudová
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The aim of the paper is to measure the amount of profit shifting within the banking sector in Eastern European countries. The paper uses firm‑level bank data from the Bankscope database of multinational subsidiary banks operating in Eastern Europe for a period of 10 years (2006-2015). An empirical analysis is performed on the panel data to identify the profit‑shifting activities of these banks. Focusing on the banking sector of Eastern European countries, which are a microcosm of the European Union, substantial evidence of profit shifting is found and confirms that banks have enhanced tax‑planning opportunities similar to firms from different jurisdictions. The paper also seeks to contribute to recommendations on how fair and sustainable taxation and social policy reforms can increase the economic stability of the EU member states.

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