Clarifying the at-risk label: A commentary

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blas_ Gambino
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Risk Concept

The at-risk concept is described and its use in the literature on pathological gambling is discussed. An epidemiologic perspective is proposed and the use of risk, at-risk, and not-at-risk are discussed within this framework. It is shown that within the epidemiologic framework the concept of risk applies to nongamblers as well as gamblers, and some nongamblers are theoretically at risk. An example of the application of risk is provided within the context of smoking and the meaning of risk. The frequent assignment of gamblers with scores of 1 or 2 into the same category as those who score 0 is viewed as problematic and is discussed in terms of true negatives and false negatives and the likelihood of pathological gambling among these gamblers. The need for researchers to identify the determinants and indicators of risk is stressed.

scholarly journals The association of at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling with substance use, depression, and arrest history

2010 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Momper ◽  
Jorge Delva ◽  
Andrew Grogan-Kaylor ◽  
Ninive Sanchez ◽  
Rachel A. Volberg
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Bivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Problem Or Pathological Gambling

We examined at-risk, problem, or pathological gambling co-occurrence with frequency of past-year alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; depressive symptoms; and arrest history. Data included the responses of over 3,000 individuals who participated in a 2006 telephone survey designed to understand the extent of at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling; comorbidity levels with substance use; mental health; and social problems among Southwestern U.S. residents. Data were analyzed with multinomial and bivariate logistic regression. Respondents at risk for problem gambling were more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana than those respondents not at risk. Pathological gamblers were no more or less likely to consume alcohol or tobacco than were non-gamblers or those not at risk. A dose-response relationship existed between degree of gambling problems and depressive symptoms and arrest history. Interventions for at-risk or problem gamblers need to include substance use treatment, and the phenomenon of low levels of substance use among pathological gamblers needs further exploration.

Exploring the Validity and Operational Impact of Using Allied Health Assistants to Conduct Dysphagia Screening for Low-Risk Patients Within the Acute Hospital Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1944-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Schwarz ◽  
Elizabeth C. Ward ◽  
Petrea Cornwell ◽  
Anne Coccetti ◽  
Pamela D'Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Exact Agreement ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Impact Phase ◽  
Operational Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the agreement between allied health assistants (AHAs) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when completing dysphagia screening for low-risk referrals and at-risk patients under a delegation model and (b) the operational impact of this delegation model. Method All AHAs worked in the adult acute inpatient settings across three hospitals and completed training and competency evaluation prior to conducting independent screening. Screening (pass/fail) was based on results from pre-screening exclusionary questions in combination with a water swallow test and the Eating Assessment Tool. To examine the agreement of AHAs' decision making with SLPs, AHAs ( n = 7) and SLPs ( n = 8) conducted an independent, simultaneous dysphagia screening on 51 adult inpatients classified as low-risk/at-risk referrals. To examine operational impact, AHAs independently completed screening on 48 low-risk/at-risk patients, with subsequent clinical swallow evaluation conducted by an SLP with patients who failed screening. Results Exact agreement between AHAs and SLPs on overall pass/fail screening criteria for the first 51 patients was 100%. Exact agreement for the two tools was 100% for the Eating Assessment Tool and 96% for the water swallow test. In the operational impact phase ( n = 48), 58% of patients failed AHA screening, with only 10% false positives on subjective SLP assessment and nil identified false negatives. Conclusion AHAs demonstrated the ability to reliably conduct dysphagia screening on a cohort of low-risk patients, with a low rate of false negatives. Data support high level of agreement and positive operational impact of using trained AHAs to perform dysphagia screening in low-risk patients.

Smaller twins are not at risk of neonatal morbidity compared to their larger co-twins

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Oh ◽  
JH Lee ◽  
JH Kang ◽  
CW Park ◽  
JS Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Not At Risk

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Screening in Female Osteoporosis Patients—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Franca Genest ◽  
Dominik Rak ◽  
Elisa Bätz ◽  
Kerstin Ott ◽  
Lothar Seefried
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Not At Risk

Sarcopenia and malnutrition are important determinants of increased fracture risk in osteoporosis. SARC-F and MNA-SF are well-established questionnaires for identifying patients at risk for these conditions. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and potential added benefit of such assessments as well as the actual prevalence of these conditions in osteoporosis patients. We conducted a cross-sectional, single-center study in female osteoporosis patients ≥ 65 years (SaNSiBaR-study). Results of the sarcopenia (SARC-F) and malnutrition (MNA-SF) screening questionnaires were matched with a functional assessment for sarcopenia and data from patients’ medical records. Out of 107 patients included in the analysis, a risk for sarcopenia (SARC-F ≥ 4 points) and a risk for malnutrition (MNA-SF ≤ 11 points) was found in 33 (30.8%) and 38 (35.5%) patients, respectively. Diagnostic overlap with coincident indicative findings in both questionnaires was observed in 17 patients (16%). As compared to the respective not-at-risk groups, the mean short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was significantly reduced in both patients at risk for sarcopenia (7.0 vs. 10.9 points, p < 0.001) and patients at risk for malnutrition (8.7 vs. 10.5 points, p = 0.005). Still, confirmed sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 criteria was present in only 6 (6%) of all 107 patients, with only 3 of them having an indicative SARC-F score. Bone mineral density was not significantly different in any of the at-risk groups at any site. In summary, applying SARC-F and MNA-SF in osteoporosis patients appears to be a complementary approach to identify individuals with functional deficits.

scholarly journals Delinquency and reputational orientations of adolescent at‐risk and not‐at‐risk males and females

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemaree Carroll ◽  
Steve Houghton ◽  
Umneea Khan ◽  
Carol Tan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Adolescent At Risk

scholarly journals Low Body Mass Index Can Identify Majority of Osteoporotic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Missed by Current Guidelines

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Atreja ◽  
Ashish Aggarwal ◽  
Angelo A. Licata ◽  
Bret A. Lashner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Provider Adherence ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Current Guidelines

Background. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at high risk of developing osteoporosis. Our objective was to determine the usefulness of IBD guidelines in identifying patients at risk for developing osteoporosis.Methods. We utilized institutional repository to identify patients seen in IBD center and extracted data on demographics, disease history, conventional, and nonconventional risk factors for osteoporosis and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) findings.Results. 59% of patients (1004/1703) in our IBD cohort had at least one risk factor for osteoporosis screening. DXA was documented in 263 patients with indication of screening (provider adherence, 26.2%), and of these, 196 patients had DXA completed (“at-risk” group). Ninety-five patients not meeting guidelines-based risk factors also had DXA completed (“not at-risk” group). 139 (70.9%) patients in “at-risk” group had low BMD, while 51 (53.7%) of “not-at-risk” patients had low BMD. Majority of the patients with osteoporosis (83.3%) missed by the current guidelines had low BMI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI was the strongest risk factor for osteoporosis (OR 3.07; 95% CI, 1.47–6.42;P=0.003).Conclusions. Provider adherence to current guidelines is suboptimal. Low BMI can identify majority of the patients with osteoporosis that are missed by current guidelines.

scholarly journals Exploring Gender Differences in PrEP Interest Among Individuals Testing HIV Negative in an Urban Emergency Department

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ridgway ◽  
Ellen Almirol ◽  
Jessica Schmitt ◽  
Alvie Bender ◽  
Grace Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Subjective Risk ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Urban Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Negative

PrEP is greater than 90% effective at preventing HIV infection, but many people who are vulnerable to HIV choose not to take PrEP. Among women, men who have sex with women (MSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) who tested HIV negative in our emergency department, we assessed behavioral risk factors, self-perception of HIV risk, and interest in PrEP linkage. Women had lower odds of perceiving any HIV risk versus no risk than MSM, while Whites had greater odds of perceiving themselves as high risk than Blacks. Age and self-perception of risk were not associated with PrEP interest, but patients who were objectively classified as “at risk” had greater odds of interest in PrEP than those not at risk (p < .01). Discordance between HIV risk self-perception and objective risk demonstrates the limitation of relying on patient self-referral for PrEP based on their own subjective risk perception.

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