Gas and Vacuum Carburizing and Heat Treatment of Carburizing Grade Steel Parts

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Vacuum Carburizing ◽  
Grade Steel

Weldability and Post Weld Heat Treatment of T23 Boiler Grade Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
M.Mohandas Pravin kumar ◽  
M.Deepak Kumar ◽  
V. Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Grade Steel ◽  
Weld Heat

scholarly journals Techniques and Equipment Types to Harden Gears

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Vacuum Carburizing ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
High Production

Abstract Material science and thermodynamics are applied in heat treating to achieve mechanical performance in gears. The technique includes part design, fixturing, and process development. Different furnaces may offer unique advantages, like minimizing part distortion, while operating and maintenance costs vary greatly for hardening furnaces. The challenge is to understand which furnace type can most effectively process the gear design and material grade. Protective-atmosphere furnace solutions are well-suited for hardening of gears. The process techniques include gas or vacuum carburizing, carbonitriding, and neutral hardening in a carbon-based atmosphere or in a vacuum. This paper will discuss vacuum, controlled atmosphere, and hybrid furnace types highlighting available processes while sharing respective associated operation and maintenance costs. Batch integral quench (BIQ) furnaces will be the base case for comparison, as they comprise the largest installed base for gear heat treatment. While a discussion of when to consider continuous atmosphere furnace equipment by defining what is high production versus today’s BIQ furnace capacities for gear heat treatment.

Heat Treatment and Impact Toughness of the F55-Grade Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190233
Author(s):  
Barbara Rivolta ◽  
Riccardo Gerosa ◽  
Francesca Tavasci
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Grade Steel

scholarly journals Development of a Technology of Isothermal Annealing With the Use of the Forging Heat for Chromium-Molybdenum Steel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Barełkowski ◽  
Roman Kuziak
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Molybdenum Steel ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Heat Released ◽  
Grade Steel

The article discusses the results of investigations performed during a thermo-mechanical treatment of forgings made of chromium-molybdenum 42CrMo4 grade steel. The treatment was realized during a regular series production. The forging process was combined with a heat treatment carried out directly after forging on a specially adapted station. Such a production technology will make it possible to eliminate the step of repeated heating of the forgings. On the example of an element of a steering gear, it was demonstrated how it is possible to perform an isothermal annealing process starting from the temperature at which the trimming of the forgings ends. During the cooling of the forgings, it is enough to maintain the temperature at the proper level in order for the exothermal phase transformation of austenite into pearlite to take place. With an appropriate design of the processing line, the heat released during the transformation could be used to maintain the applied temperature, thus limiting the consumption of energy needed to power the devices. The test results show that, with the properly selected temperature of isothermal annealing, it is possible to obtain an equilibrial ferritic-pearlitic structure in the required hardness scope. Introducing such a solution into the industrial practice would allow significant savings of the energy used for the heat treatment.

Development of Hardening and Tempering Cycle for High Strength Low Alloy Fastener Grade Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 506-510
Author(s):  
M. K. Kathikeyan ◽  
R.K. Gupta ◽  
V. Anil Kumar ◽  
P. Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Level ◽  
Martensitic Structure ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Aerospace Fasteners ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Grade Steel

Medium carbon low alloy Ni-Cr-Mo steel is used in the fabrication of aerospace fasteners. It finds application in different heat treated conditions to meet the desired strength level. The alloy was realized through double melting route. Heat Treatment studies have been carried out by following different tempering temperatures to obtain varying strength levels ranging from 1200MPa to 1400MPa. Microstructural analysis has been carried out to find out reasons for variation in mechanical properties. Tempering cycle has been suggested to obtain fully tempered martensitic structure. This paper presents the different hardening and tempering cycles studied to obtain the desired strength level for the intended application.

An Evaluation of Atmosphere and Vacuum Carburizing Methods for the Heat Treatment of Gears

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Herring ◽  
Gerald D. Lindell ◽  
David J. Breuer ◽  
Beth S. Matlock
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Vacuum Carburizing

scholarly journals Microstructure and Properties of Surface Layer of Carburized 38CrAlMo6-10 Steel Subjected to Nanostructurization by a Heat Treatment Process/ Struktura I Właściwości Warstwy Naweglanej Na Stali 38Cralmo6-10 Po Procesie Nanostrukturyzacji W Warunkach Obróbki Cieplnej

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1685-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wasiluk ◽  
E. Skołek ◽  
W. Swiatnicki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Lower Bainite ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Vacuum Carburizing ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Bainite Steel ◽  
Lower Carbon

Abstract The aim of the study was to produce and characterize a nanobainitic microstructure in surface layers of carburized 38CrAlMo6-10 structural steel. Steel contained 1.% Al and 0.3% Si - elements hindering the cementite precipitation, which was considered to be adequate for obtaining a carbide free bainite. Steel samples were subjected to two different vacuum carburizing processes in order to obtain two different contents of carbon in surface layer. To produce a nanobainitic microstructure a heat treatment consisting of austempering at temperature slightly higher than the martensite start temperature (Ms) of the layer was applied after each carburization process. It was found, that the obtained microstructure of carburized layer depends strongly on carbon content. In steel with surface layer containing lower carbon content a nanobainitic microstructure with carbon-enriched residual austenite was formed. In case of surface layer containing higher carbon content the ultra-fine grained lower bainite was obtained.

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