Effect of Hydrocarbon Molecular Structure on Diesel Exhaust Emissions Part 1: Comparison of Combustion and Exhaust Emission Characteristics among Representative Diesel Fuels

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyomi Nakakita ◽  
Semon Takasu ◽  
Hitoshi Ban ◽  
Tadao Ogawa ◽  
Hikaru Naruse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Diesel Fuels

Exhaust Emissions From a 1,500 kW EMD 16-645-E Locomotive Diesel Engine Using Several Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuels

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Fritz ◽  
John C. Hedrick ◽  
Brian E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Aromatic Content ◽  
Low Sulfur

This paper documents results from an experimental study performed to determine the effects of several ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels (< 15 ppm S) on exhaust emissions from a 1,500 kW EMD 16-645-E, roots-blown, diesel locomotive engine. U.S. EPA-regulated emission levels of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate (PM) were measured using U.S. EPA locomotive test procedures while operating on four ULSD fuels, plus a fifth baseline fuel which was a commercially-available Federal on-highway diesel fuel (< 500 ppm). The four ULSD fuels were (1) a ULSD California motor vehicle diesel fuel (CARB fuel) with an aromatic content of less than 10 percent, (2) a ULSD “equivalent” California motor vehicle diesel fuel with an aromatic content of 24 percent, (3 and 4) two custom blended “2006 ULSD Federal” diesel fuels with relatively low Cetane Numbers and higher aromatic levels. This paper reports the changes observed in the regulated exhaust emission levels between the ULSD CARB diesel fuels and the ULSD Federal diesel fuels.

Effect of Hydrocarbon Molecular Structure on Diesel Exhaust Emissions Part 2: Effect of Branched and Ring Structures of Paraffins on Benzene and Soot Formation

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Takatori ◽  
Yoshiyuki Mandokoro ◽  
Kazuhiro Akihama ◽  
Kiyomi Nakakita ◽  
Yukihiro Tsukasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Ring Structures

Paper 13: Some Aspects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions, Especially in Confined Spaces

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (16) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
C. Lunnon
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Confined Spaces

A study has been made of diesel exhausts, and this paper relates the essential parts of what was found. Exhaust pollutants and their physiological effects are examined, and the steps taken by the National Coal Board for the protection of personnel and against dangers from explosions and fire are considered. The action taken to comply with statutory exhaust gas checks is given, and the necessary minimum ventilation of tunnels to acceptable standards is detailed. Other aspects of exhaust fume control, including that in confined spaces above ground, are dealt with. Finally, methods of treating diesel exhaust emission are suggested.

scholarly journals Influence of the Molecular Structure of Hydrocarbon Fuels on Diesel Exhaust Emissions.

1994 ◽  
Vol 60 (571) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Noboru Miyamoto ◽  
Hideyuki Ogawa ◽  
Masahiko Shibuya ◽  
Keiji Arai ◽  
Olivier Esmilaire
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels

Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a Three-Wheeler Auto Diesel Engine Fueled with Pongamia, Mahua and Jatropha Biodiesels

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbili Prasadarao ◽  
Aditya Kolakoti ◽  
Pudi Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics

: This paper presents the production of biodiesel from three different non edible oils of Pongamia, Mahua and Jatropha as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel is produced by followed transesterification process, using catalyst sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and methyl alcohol (CH3OH). A single cylinder four stroke three-wheeler auto diesel engine is used to evaluate the exhaust emission characteristics at a constant speed of 1500rpm with varying loads. Diesel as a reference fuel and cent percent of Pongamia Methyl Ester (PME), Mahua Methyl Ester (MME) and Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) are used as an alternative fuel. The physicochemical properties of biodiesels are within the limits of international standards (ASTM D6751) noticeably. The results of tested biodiesels offer low exhaust emissions compared to diesel fuel, owing to presence of molecular oxygen and high cetane number. At maximum load the NOx emission reduced by 18.41% for JME, 17.46% for MME and 7.61% for PME. Low levels of CO emissions are recorded for JME (66%) followed by MME (33%) and PME (22%). Unburnt hydrocarbon emissions were reduced by 85.75% for JME and MME, for PME 14.28% reduction is observed. Exhaust smoke emissions are also reduced for PME and MME by 18.84%, for JME 14.49%. As a conclusion, it is observed that all the methyl esters exhibit significant reduction in harmful exhaust emissions compared to diesel fuel and JME is noted as a better choice.

scholarly journals Exhaust emission characteristics of a gardener compression ignition engine fuelled with rapeseed methyl ester and fossil diesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-760
Author(s):  
H.A. Dandajeh ◽  
Y.S. Sanusi ◽  
T.O. Ahmadu
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester

This paper presents an experimental investigation into the exhaust emissions characteristics of a gardener Compression Ignition (CI) Engine fuelled with rapeseed methyl Esther (RME) and fossil diesel under lean equivalence ratios (0.2≤ φ ≤0.8). The experiments were carried out at engine speeds of 750 and 1250 rpm under five different loads. The experimental results showed that NOx and CO2 emissions increased while emissions of HC, O2 and CO decreased with increasing equivalence ratio, exhaust temperature, brake mean effective pressure and specific fuel consumption. All exhaust emissions were found to decrease with increasing engine speed from 750 to 1250 rpm. There was reduction in exhaust emissions of RME over fossil diesel by 0.06% for O2, 84% for CO and 4.7% for CO2 at 750rpm. At higher speed of 1250rpm however, RME was observed having higher NOx and CO2 but relatively lower O2 and CO than the fossil diesel. Keywords— Exhaust Emission, Compression ignition engine, rapeseed methyl Esther, engine speed, fossil diesel

Influence of the Molecular Structure of Hydrocarbon Fuels on Diesel Exhaust Emissions

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Miyamoto ◽  
Hideyuki Ogawa ◽  
Masahiko Shibuya ◽  
Keiji Arai ◽  
Olivier Esmilaire
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels

scholarly journals Variations in Levels and Sources of Atmospheric VOCs during the Continuous Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in the Urban Area of Beijing: A Case Study in Spring of 2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Lihui Zhang ◽  
Xuezhong Wang ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Nianliang Cheng ◽  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Haze Days

To better evaluate the variations in concentration characteristics and source contributions of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during continuous haze days and non-haze days, hourly observations of atmospheric VOCs were conducted using a continuous on-line GC-FID (Airmo VOC GC-866) monitoring system during 1–15 March 2019, in urban areas of Beijing, China. The results showed that the total VOC concentrations during haze days and non-haze days were 59.13 ± 31.08 μg/m3 and 16.91 ± 7.19 μg/m3, respectively. However, the average O3 concentrations during the two haze days were lower than those of non-haze days due to the extremely low concentrations at night instead of the reported lower photochemical reaction in daytime. The ratio of OH radical concentration during haze and non-haze days indicating that the rate of photochemical reaction during haze days was higher than those of non-haze days from 13:00–19:00. The stable air conditions and the local diesel emission at night were the main reasons for the decreased O3 concentrations during haze days. Six major sources were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF), namely, diesel exhaust, combustion, gasoline evaporation, solvent usage, gasoline exhaust, and the petrochemical industry, contributing 9.93%, 25.29%, 3.90%, 16.88%, 35.59% and 8.41%, respectively, during the whole observation period. The contributions of diesel exhaust and the petrochemical industry emissions decreased from 26.14% and 6.43% during non-haze days to 13.70% and 2.57%, respectively, during haze days. These reductions were mainly ascribed to the emergency measures that the government implemented during haze days. In contrast, the contributions of gasoline exhaust increased from 34.92% during non-haze days to 48.77% during haze days. The ratio of specific VOC species and PMF both showed that the contributions of gasoline exhaust emission increased during haze days. The backward trajectories, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) showed that the air mass of VOCs during haze days was mainly affected by the short-distance transportation from the southwestern of Hebei province. However, the air mass of VOCs during non-haze days was mainly affected by the long-distance transportation from the northwest.

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