Injury Risks in Cars with Different Air Bag Deployment Rates

This paper reports on a mask-type sensor for simultaneous pulse wave and respiration measurements and eye blink detection that uses only one sensing element. In the proposed sensor, a flexible air bag-shaped chamber whose inner pressure change can be measured by a microelectromechanical system-based piezoresistive cantilever was used as the sensing element. The air bag-shaped chamber is fabricated by wrapping a sponge pad with plastic film and polyimide tape. The polyimide tape has a hole to which the substrate with the piezoresistive cantilever adheres. By attaching the sensor device to a mask where it contacts the nose of the subject, the sensor can detect the pulses and eye blinks of the subject by detecting the vibration and displacement of the nose skin caused by these physiological parameters. Moreover, the respiration of the subject causes pressure changes in the space between the mask and the face of the subject as well as slight vibrations of the mask. Therefore, information about the respiration of the subject can be extracted from the sensor signal using either the low-frequency component (<1 Hz) or the high-frequency component (>100 Hz). This paper describes the sensor fabrication and provides demonstrations of the pulse wave and respiration measurements as well as eye blink detection using the fabricated sensor.

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Changing Paradigms of Seat Belt and Air Bag Injuries: What We Have Learned in the Past 3 Decades

Journal of the American College of Surgeons ◽

10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.08.022 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 210 (2) ◽

pp. 240-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patrice R. Carter ◽

Vijay K. Maker

Keyword(s):

Seat Belt ◽

The Past ◽

Air Bag

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Air Bag Safety

Annals of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70210-5 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 794-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Robert E Antosia ◽

Robert A Partridge ◽

Alamjit S Virk

Keyword(s):

Air Bag

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Investigation of the Safety Effects of Knee Bolster Air Bag Deployment in Similar Real-World Crash Comparisons

Traffic Injury Prevention ◽

10.1080/15389588.2012.697643 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 168-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ashley A. Weaver ◽

Kathryn L. Loftis ◽

Joel D. Stitzel

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Air Bag

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Modeling of an Air Bag Inflator Based on Combustion of Methane-Oxygen Mixture

Combustion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/00102200008924215 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 73-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

YACOOB TABANI ◽

MOHAMED E. LABIB

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Mixture ◽

Air Bag

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Evaluation of the Hybrid III Dummy Interactions with Air Bag in Frontal Crash by Finite Element Simulation

10.4271/952705 ◽

1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tong-Ching Lin ◽

Charles Wawa ◽

Tawfik B. Khalil

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Finite Element Simulation ◽

Frontal Crash ◽

Element Simulation ◽

Hybrid Iii ◽

Air Bag

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Inoculation and Fading of Sr-Modified A356.2 Aluminum Alloy in Squeeze Casting

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.671 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 850 ◽

pp. 671-678

Author(s):

Jian Wei Niu ◽

Lie Jun Li ◽

Hai Jun Liu ◽

Ji Xiang Gao ◽

Chuan Dong Ren

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Property ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Hydrogen Absorption ◽

Deleterious Effect ◽

Squeeze Casting ◽

Eutectic Silicon ◽

Direct Reading ◽

Air Bag ◽

Fading Rate

The inoculation and fading behavior of Sr-modified aluminum alloy A356. 2 were studied for air bag bracket produced by squeeze casting. The effects of Sr, P, B contents and casting temperature on the microstructure and eutectic silicon morphology in different periods of inoculation were investigated by SEM and direct-reading Spectrometer. The influence of inoculation fading rate and addition of Sr on the casting mechanical properties and hydrogen absorption was studied. The experimental results showed that the inoculation process was completed in 1 h, and the eutectic silicon morphology can be maintained in almost subsequent 40 h after the addition of Sr. The fading rate decreased appreciably with the increase of casing temperature, P and B contents. The deleterious effect of the inoculation fading of Sr on the casting mechanical property can be compensated by the squeeze casting.

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