Methane Emissions Abatement from Lean Burn Natural Gas Vehicle Exhaust: Sulfur's Impact on Catalyst Performance

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan K. Lampert ◽  
M. Shahjahan Kazi ◽  
Robert J. Farrauto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicle

scholarly journals Effects of Zr Addition on the Performance of the Pd-Pt/Al2O3 Catalyst for Lean-Burn Natural Gas Vehicle Exhaust Purification

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei. HU ◽  
◽  
Yun. WANG ◽  
Hong-Yan. SHANG ◽  
Hai-Di. XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Zr Addition ◽  
Exhaust Purification ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicle

Potential Reduction of Fugitive Methane Emissions at Compressor Stations and Storage Facilities Powered by Natural Gas Engines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Johnson ◽  
April Covington
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Crankcase Ventilation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

The American Gas Association (AGA) and the United States (US) Energy Information Administration (EIA) report that natural gas reserves, production, and consumption are increasing. Current estimates show over 100 years worth of recoverable reserves. As production increases, the natural gas pipeline interstate will grow or at least experience increased throughput. With the industry expanding at rapid rates and the high global warming potential of methane (21 over a 100 year period), it is important to identify potential sources for reductions in fugitive methane emissions. This research group conducted leak and loss audits at five natural gas compressor station and storage facilities. The majority of methane losses were associated with the operation of the lean-burn, natural gas engines (open crankcases, exhaust), compressor seal vents, and open liquid storage tanks. This paper focuses on the potential reduction in fugitive methane emissions of the discovered industry weaknesses through application of various proven technologies. As engines are not perfectly sealed, blow-by of intake air, fuel, and combustion gases occurs past the piston rings. In order to prevent a build-up of pressure within the crankcase, it must be vented. Diesel engines have lower hydrocarbon emissions from their crankcases due to the short duration of fuel addition after compression of the intake charge. Lean-burn, natural gas engines, like conventional gasoline engines, compress both the fuel and intake air during the compression stroke. During the 1960s, many passenger vehicles adopted positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) or closed crankcase ventilation (CCV) systems to reduce significantly hydrocarbon emissions from engines. Currently, some heavy-duty on-road engines still have open crankcase systems and most off-road engines have crankcases simply vented to the atmosphere. In this paper, researchers will examine the potential reduction in methane emissions that could be realized with the installation of retrofitted CCV systems at these locations. In addition to the reduction of methane losses from the crankcase, it is realized that with proper plumbing, flow control, and safety parameters, all of the losses typically vented to atmosphere could be ducted into the engine intake for combustion. Preliminary results show that applications of closed crankcase systems could reduce emissions from these sites by 1–11% while modifying these systems to include the losses from compressor seal vents and storage tanks could yield potential reductions in methane emissions by 10–57%.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Loss of Processed Natural Gas Within California's South Coast Air Basin Using Long-term Measurements of Ethane and Methane

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Wunch ◽  
Geoffrey C. Toon ◽  
Jacob Hedelius ◽  
Nicholas Vizenor ◽  
Coleen M. Roehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
South Coast Air Basin ◽  
Atmospheric Trace Gas ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) is a region in which the top-down methane emissions are underestimated by the bottom-up inventories. To provide insight into the sources of the discrepancy, we analyse a record of atmospheric trace gas total column abundances in the SoCAB starting in the late 1980s. The gases measured include ethane and methane and provide insight into the sources of the excess methane found in the SoCAB. The early few years of the record show a rapid decline in ethane emissions at a much faster rate than decreasing vehicle exhaust or natural gas and crude oil production can explain. Between 2010 and 2015, ethane emissions have grown gradually from 13 ± 4.5 Gg · yr−1 to 25.8 ± 3.9 Gg · yr−1, which is in contrast to the steady production of natural gas liquids over that time. Our methane emissions record begins in 2012 and shows an increase between 2012 and 2015 from 380 ± 78 Gg · yr−1 to 448 ± 91 Gg · yr−1. Since 2012, ethane to methane ratios in the natural gas withdrawn from a storage facility within the SoCAB have been increasing; these ratios are tracked in our atmospheric measurements with about half of the rate of increase. From this, we infer that about half of the excess methane in the SoCAB between 2012–2015 is attributable to losses from the natural gas infrastructure.

Treatment of Natural Gas Vehicle Exhaust

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subramanian ◽  
R. J. Kudla ◽  
M. S. Chattha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicle

A Lean-Burn, Sub-Compact Natural Gas Vehicle

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hill ◽  
M Sulatisky ◽  
J Lychak ◽  
K Nakamura ◽  
T Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicle
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