Cycle-by-Cycle Analysis of HC Emissions During Cold Start of Gasoline Engines

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Henein ◽  
M.K. Tagomori ◽  
M.K. Yassine ◽  
T.W. Asmus ◽  
C.P. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Hc Emissions

Airless In-Line Adsorber System for Reducing Cold Start HC Emissions

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Patil ◽  
Y. Lisa Peng ◽  
Kathleen E. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Hc Emissions

Influence of Low Ambient Temperatures on the Exhaust Gas and Deposit Composition of Gasoline Engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dominik Appel ◽  
Fabian P. Hagen ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Henning Bockhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Abstract To comply with future emission regulations for internal combustion engines, system-related cold-start conditions in short-distance traffic constitute a particular challenge. Under these conditions, pollutant emissions are seriously increased due to internal engine effects and unfavorable operating conditions of the exhaust aftertreatment systems. As a secondary effect, the composition of the exhaust gases has a considerable influence on the deposition of aerosols via different deposition mechanisms and on fouling processes of exhaust gas-carrying components. Also, the performance of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems may be affected disadvantageously. In this study, the exhaust gas and deposit composition of a turbocharged three-cylinder gasoline engine is examined in-situ upstream of the catalytic converter at ambient and engine starting temperatures of -22 °C to 23 °C using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer and a particle spectrometer. For the cold start investigation, a modern gasoline engine with series engine periphery is used. In particular, the investigation of the behavior of deposits in the exhaust system of gasoline engines during cold start under dynamic driving conditions represents an extraordinary challenge due to an average lower soot concentration in the exhaust gas compared to diesel engines and so far, has not been examined in this form. A novel sampling method allows ex-situ analysis of formed deposits during a single driving cycle. Both, particle number concentration and the deposition rate are higher in the testing procedure of Real Driving Emissions (RDE) than in the inner-city part of the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). In addition, reduced ambient temperatures increase the amount of deposits, which consist predominantly of soot and to a minor fraction of volatile compounds. Although the primary particle size distributions of the deposited soot particles do not change when boundary conditions change, the degree of graphitization within the particles increases with increasing exhaust gas temperature.

FT-IR spectroscopic studies of hydrocarbon trapping in Ag+-ZSM-5 for gasoline engines under cold-start conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinsheng Liu ◽  
Jordan K. Lampert ◽  
Dmitrii A. Arendarskiia ◽  
Robert J. Farrauto
Keyword(s):  
Cold Start ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Early Model-Based Design and Verification of Automotive Control System Software Implementations

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shahbakhti ◽  
Mohammad Reza Amini ◽  
Jimmy Li ◽  
Satoshi Asami ◽  
J. Karl Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Early Model ◽  
Automotive Control ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Numerical Noise ◽  
Software Implementations ◽  
Hc Emissions

Verification and validation (V&V) are essential stages in the design cycle of automotive controllers to remove the gap between the designed and implemented controller. In this paper, an early model-based methodology is proposed to reduce the V&V time and improve the robustness of the designed controllers. The application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated on a cold start emission control problem in a midsize passenger car. A nonlinear reduced order model-based controller based on singular perturbation approximation (SPA) is designed to reduce cold start hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from a spark ignition (SI) combustion engine. A model-based simulation platform is created to verify the controller robustness against sampling, quantization, and fixed-point arithmetic imprecision. In addition, the results from early model-based verification are used to identify and remove sources of errors causing propagation of numerical imprecision in the controller structure. Thus the structure of the controller is modified to avoid or to reduce the level of numerical noise in the controller design. The performance of the final modified controller is validated in real-time by testing the control algorithm on a real engine control unit. The validation results indicate the modified controller is 17–63% more robust to different implementation imprecision while it requires lower implementation cost. The proposed methodology from this paper is expected to reduce typical V&V efforts in the development of automotive controllers.

scholarly journals Exhaust gas treatment for reducing cold start emissions of a motorcycle engine fuelled with gasoline-ethanol blends

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Samuel Raja ◽  
A. Valan Arasu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

In countries like India, transportation by a two wheeled motorcycle is very common owing to affordable cost, easy handling and traffic congestion. Most of these bikes use single cylinder air cooled four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engines of displacement volume ranging from 100 cm3 to 250 cm3. CO and HC emissions from such engines when started after a minimum stop-time of 12 hours or more (cold-start emissions) are higher than warmed-up emissions. In the present study, a 150 cm3 single cylinder air cooled SI engine was tested for cold start emissions and exhaust gas temperature. Different gasoline-ethanol blends (E0 to E20) were used as fuel expecting better oxidation of HC and CO emissions with additional oxygen present in ethanol. The effect of glow plug assisted exhaust gas ignition (EGI) and use of catalytic converter on cold start emissions were studied separately using the same blends. Results show that with gasoline-ethanol blends, cold start CO and HC emissions were less than that with neat gasoline. And at an ambient temperature of 30±1°C, highest emission reductions were observed with E10. EGI without a catalytic converter had no significant effect on emissions except increasing the exhaust gas temperature. The catalytic converter was found to be active only after 120 seconds in converting cold start CO, HC and NOx. Use of a catalytic converter proves to be a better option than EGI in controlling cold start emissions with neat gasoline or gasoline-ethanol blends.

Influence of Low Ambient Temperatures on the Exhaust Gas and Deposit Composition of Gasoline Engines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Appel ◽  
Fabian P. Hagen ◽  
Uwe Wagner ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Henning Bockhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Abstract To comply with future emission regulations for internal combustion engines, system-related cold-start conditions in short-distance traffic constitute a particular challenge. Under these conditions, pollutant emissions are seriously increased due to internal engine effects and unfavorable operating conditions of the exhaust aftertreatment systems. As a secondary effect, the composition of the exhaust gases has a considerable influence on the deposition of aerosols via different deposition mechanisms and on fouling processes of exhaust gas-carrying components. Also, the performance of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems may be affected disadvantageously. In this study, the exhaust gas and deposit composition of a turbocharged three-cylinder gasoline engine is examined in-situ upstream of the catalytic converter at ambient and engine starting temperatures of −22 °C to 23 °C using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer and a particle spectrometer. For the cold start investigation, a modern gasoline engine with series engine periphery is used. In particular, the investigation of the behavior of deposits in the exhaust system of gasoline engines during cold start under dynamic driving conditions represents an extraordinary challenge due to an average lower soot concentration in the exhaust gas compared to diesel engines and so far, has not been examined in this form. A novel sampling method allows ex-situ analysis of formed deposits during a single driving cycle. Both, particle number concentration and the deposition rate are higher in the testing procedure of Real Driving Emissions (RDE) than in the inner-city part of the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). In addition, reduced ambient temperatures increase the amount of deposits, which consist predominantly of soot and to a minor fraction of volatile compounds. Although the primary particle size distributions of the deposited soot particles do not change when boundary conditions change, the degree of graphitization within the particles increases with increasing exhaust gas temperature.

Further Experiments on the Effects of In-Cylinder Wall Wetting on HC Emissions from Direct Injection Gasoline Engines

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwen Li ◽  
Ronald D. Matthews ◽  
Rudolf H. Stanglmaier ◽  
Charles E. Roberts ◽  
Richard W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Wall Wetting

Thermal Response of Automotive Hydrocarbon Adsorber Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Koltsakis ◽  
A. M. Stamatelos
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer

Modern hydrocarbon adsorbers for gasoline engines are promising candidates for cold start emission control. In this paper, the flow and heat transfer in a typical complex system, comprising a “barrel type” adsorber and two conventional catalysts is studied. A mathematical model is developed and applied for the computation of the flow and pressure distribution, as well as transient heat transfer in the system. The model is aimed at understanding and quantifying the particular thermal response behavior of hydrocarbon adsorber systems. Illustrative results with variable geometric parameters under realistic input conditions are presented. [S0742-4795(00)01701-4]

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