Emissions and Combustion Characteristics from Two Fuel Mixture Preparation Schemes in a Utility Engine

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Bonneau ◽  
Michael J. Cunningham ◽  
Jay K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Mixture Preparation

Dual-Location Fuel Injection Effects on Emissions and NO*/OH* Chemiluminescence in a High Intensity Combustor

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed O. Said ◽  
Ahmed E. E. Khalil ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Fuel Mixing ◽  
Colorless Distributed Combustion

Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has shown to provide ultra-low emissions of NO, CO, unburned hydrocarbons, and soot, with stable combustion without using any flame stabilizer. The benefits of CDC also include uniform thermal field in the entire combustion space and low combustion noise. One of the critical aspects in distributed combustion is fuel mixture preparation prior to mixture ignition. In an effort to improve fuel mixing and distribution, several schemes have been explored that includes premixed, nonpremixed, and partially premixed. In this paper, the effect of dual-location fuel injection is examined as opposed to single fuel injection into the combustor. Fuel distribution between different injection points was varied with the focus on reaction distribution and pollutants emission. The investigations were performed at different equivalence ratios (0.6–0.8), and the fuel distribution in each case was varied while maintaining constant overall thermal load. The results obtained with multi-injection of fuel using a model combustor showed lower emissions as compared to single injection of fuel using methane as the fuel under favorable fuel distribution condition. The NO emission from double injection as compared to single injection showed a reduction of 28%, 24%, and 13% at equivalence ratio of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8, respectively. This is attributed to enhanced mixture preparation prior to the mixture ignition. OH* chemiluminescence intensity distribution within the combustor showed that under favorable fuel injection condition, the reaction zone shifted downstream, allowing for longer fuel mixing time prior to ignition. This longer mixing time resulted in better mixture preparation and lower emissions. The OH* chemiluminescence signals also revealed enhanced OH* distribution with fuel introduced through two injectors.

Cold Engine Transient Fuel Control Experiments in a Port Fuel Injected CFR Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Hamilton ◽  
Jim S. Cowart
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Fuel Vaporization ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ionization Detectors

Air-fuel mixture preparation is particularly challenging during cold engine throttle transients due to poor fuel vaporization and transport delays in port fuel injected (PFI) engines. In this study, a PFI Cooperative Fuels Research engine is used to evaluate torque and measure in cylinder and exhaust CO, CO2 and unburned hydrocarbons during throttle transients at various early stages of engine warm-up. Fast flame ionization detectors and non-dispersive infra-red fast CO and CO2 detectors are used to provide detailed cycle-by-cycle analysis. Torque after cold throttle transients is found to be comparable to steady state torque due to allowable spark advance. However, cold transients produce up to 4 times the unburned hydrocarbons when compared to steady state operation. Finally, the x-tau fuel control model is evaluated in this challenging operating regime and is found to provide poor transient fuel control due to excessive fueling.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of a Locomotive Diesel Engine Operating on a Diesel–LNG Mixture

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5318
Author(s):  
Imantas Lipskis ◽  
Saugirdas Pukalskas ◽  
Paweł Droździel ◽  
Dalibor Barta ◽  
Vidas Žuraulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Diesel Locomotive ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Locomotive Engine ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Locomotive Diesel

The article describes a compression-ignition engine working with a dual-fuel system installed in diesel locomotive TEP70 BS. The model of the locomotive engine has been created applying AVL BOOST and Diesel RK software and engine performance simulations. Combustion characteristics have been identified employing the mixtures of different fuels. The paper compares ecological (CO2, NOx, PM) and energy (in-cylinder pressure, temperature and the rate of heat release (ROHR)) indicators of a diesel and fuel mixtures-driven locomotive. The performed simulation has shown that different fuel proportions increased methane content and decreased diesel content in the fuel mixture, as well as causing higher in-cylinder pressure and ROHR; however, in-cylinder temperature dropped. CO2, NOx and PM emissions decrease in all cases thus raising methane and reducing diesel content in the fuel mixture.

Combustion Characteristics of Ultrafine Coal Particles-Light Diesel Oil Mixtures in a Cylindrical Horizontal Furnace

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ELSaeed Saad ELSihy ◽  
M. M. Salama ◽  
M. A. Shahein ◽  
H. A. Moneib ◽  
M. K. Abd EL-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Flame Zone ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Loading Ratio

Abstract This work presents an experimental study that aims at investigating the effect of the loading ratio of coal in a coal-diesel fuel mixture on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions. Sub-bituminous coal from the El-Maghara coal mine is utilized. It is washed, dried, and grounded to particle sizing of ≤ 30 μm. The experiments are conducted inside a horizontal, segmented water-cooled cylindrical furnace fitted with a coaxial burner having a central air-assisted atomizer for oil-coal mixture admittance. All experiments are executed at constant input heat of 350 kW and air-to-fuel ratio of 15:1 while varying the percentage (mass basis: 5% and 10%) of coal in the fuel mixture. The measurements within the flame zone include mean gas temperatures, dry volumetric analyses of species (CO2, NOx, and O2) concentrations, and the accumulative heat transfer to the cooling jacket along the combustor. All measurements are compared regarding the pure oil flame. The results indicate that increasing the coal-loading ratio up to 5 wt% leads to a progressive increase in the accumulated heat transferred and the combustor overall efficiency from 40% to 58% within a percentage increase around 45%. In addition, there is a slight reduction in mean gas temperature within the flame zone when compared with the pure oil flame. The reduced flame temperature due to increasing the coal-loading ratio caused a decline in the volumetric concentrations of NOx from 100 ppm to 20 ppm as expected.

Role of Fuel Injection Scheme in a High Intensity Combustor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed O. Said ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Injection Scheme ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Fuel injection at two locations in a combustor using premixed, partially pre-mixed and non-premixed schemes has been explored for improved distributed combustion. The effect of dual location fuel injection to the combustor is examined and the results compared from single fuel injection. Focus of dual and single injection scheme was on enhancing reaction zone uniformity in the combustor. A cylindrical combustor at a combustion intensity of 36MW/m3.atm and heat load of 6.25 kW was used. Three different schemes of dual location fuel injection with different proportions of fuel injected from each injector were investigated using methane as the fuel. The role of fuel distribution between the two injection ports using constant air flow rate to the combustor at room temperature was examined on reaction zone distribution and pollutants emission. Three different equivalence ratios of 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 were examined with different fuel distributions between the two injectors to the combustor at a constant overall thermal load. The results showed lower emission with dual location fuel injection as compared to single location. Dual location fuel injection showed 48% NO reduction with 90% of the total fuel from injector 1 while only 13% reduction was achieved with 80% of the fuel injection from this location. . OH* Chemiluminescene intensity distribution within the combustor showed that under favorable fuel injection condition, the reaction zone shifted downstream to allow longer fuel mixture preparation time prior to ignition. The longer mixing time resulted in improved mixture preparation and lower emissions. The OH* Chemiluminescene intensity distribution with fuel introduced through two injectors showed improved OH* distribution in the combustor. Improved mixture preparation enhanced reaction distribution in the combustor and lower emission.

A Computational Study of the Mixture Preparation in a Direct Injection Hydrogen Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Le Moine ◽  
P. K. Senecal ◽  
Sebastian A. Kaiser ◽  
Victor M. Salazar ◽  
Jon W. Anders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Compression Stroke ◽  
Mixture Preparation

This paper reports the validation of a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the mixture preparation in a direct-injection hydrogen-fueled engine. Computational results from the commercial code CONVERGE are compared to the experimental data obtained from an optically accessible engine. The geometry used in the simulation is a passenger-car sized, four-stroke, spark-ignited engine. The simulation includes the geometry of the combustion chamber as well as the intake and exhaust ports. The hydrogen is supplied at 100 bar from a centrally located injector with a single-hole nozzle. The comparison between the simulation and experimental data is made on the central vertical plane. The fuel mole concentration and flow field are compared during the compression stroke at different crank angles. The comparison shows good agreement between the numerical and experimental results during the early stage of the compression stroke. The penetration of the jet and the interaction with the cylinder walls are correctly predicted. The fuel spreading is under predicted which results in differences in flow field and fuel mixture during the injection between experimental and numerical results. At the end of the injection, the fuel distribution shows some disagreement which gradually increases during the rest of the simulation.

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