Adapting a Geo Metro to Run on Natural Gas Using Fuel-Injection Technology

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Sulatisky ◽  
S. G. Hill ◽  
J. V. Lychak ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
T. Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Technology

Comparison between gasoline direct injection and compressed natural gas port fuel injection under maximum load condition

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 117173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Lee ◽  
Cheolwoong Park ◽  
Jongwon Bae ◽  
Yongrae Kim ◽  
Sunyoup Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Port Fuel Injection

A phenomenological combustion analysis of a dual-fuel natural-gas diesel engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuonan Xu ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
Mark Hoffman ◽  
Robert Prucka ◽  
Zoran Filipi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Wiebe Function

Energy security concerns and an abundant supply of natural gas in the USA provide the impetus for engine designers to consider alternative gaseous fuels in the existing engines. The dual-fuel natural-gas diesel engine concept is attractive because of the minimal design changes, the ability to preserve a high compression ratio of the baseline diesel, and the lack of range anxiety. However, the increased complexity of a dual-fuel engine poses challenges, including the knock limit at a high load, the combustion instability at a low load, and the transient response of an engine with directly injected diesel fuel and port fuel injection of compressed natural gas upstream of the intake manifold. Predictive simulations of the complete engine system are an invaluable tool for investigations of these conditions and development of dual-fuel control strategies. This paper presents the development of a phenomenological combustion model of a heavy-duty dual-fuel engine, aided by insights from experimental data. Heat release analysis is carried out first, using the cylinder pressure data acquired with both diesel-only and dual-fuel (diesel and natural gas) combustion over a wide operating range. A diesel injection timing correlation based on the injector solenoid valve pulse widths is developed, enabling the diesel fuel start of injection to be detected without extra sensors on the fuel injection cam. The experimental heat release trends are obtained with a hybrid triple-Wiebe function for both diesel-only operation and dual-fuel operation. The ignition delay period of dual-fuel operation is examined and estimated with a predictive correlation using the concept of a pseudo-diesel equivalence ratio. A four-stage combustion mechanism is discussed, and it is shown that a triple-Wiebe function has the ability to represent all stages of dual-fuel combustion. This creates a critical building block for modeling a heavy-duty dual-fuel turbocharged engine system.

scholarly journals Research on Fuel Efficiency and Emissions of Converted Diesel Engine with Conventional Fuel Injection System for Operation on Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lebedevas ◽  
Pukalskas ◽  
Daukšys ◽  
Rimkus ◽  
Melaika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Conventional Fuel

This paper presents a study on the energy efficiency and emissions of a converted high-revolution bore 79.5 mm/stroke 95 mm engine with a conventional fuel injection system for operation with dual fuel feed: diesel (D) and natural gas (NG). The part of NG energy increase in the dual fuel is related to a significant deterioration in energy efficiency (ηi), particularly when engine operation is in low load modes and was determined to be below 40% of maximum continuous rating. The effectiveness of the D injection timing optimisation was established in high engine load modes within the range of a co-combustion ratio of NG ≤ 0.4: with an increase in ηi, compared to D, the emissions of NOx+ HC decreased by 15% to 25%, while those of CO2 decreased by 8% to 16%; the six-fold CO emission increase, up to 6 g/kWh, was unregulated. By referencing the indicated process characteristics of the established NG phase elongation in the expansion stroke, the combustion time increase as well as the associated decrease in the cylinder excess air ratio (α) are possible reasons for the increase in the incomplete combustion product emission.

Development of a Phenomenological Combustion Simulation for a Dual Fuel Engine

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Liu ◽  
Stuart R. Bell ◽  
K. Clark Midkiff
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Combustion Simulation ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract A phenomenological cycle simulation for a dual fuel engine has been developed to mathematically simulate the significant processes of the engine cycle, to predict specific performance parameters for the engine, and to investigate approaches to improve performance and reduce emissions. The simulation employs two zones (crevice and unburned) during the processes of exhaust, intake, compression before fuel injection starts, and expansion after combustion ends. From the start of fuel injection to the end of combustion, several, zones are utilized to account for crevice flow, diesel fuel spray, air entrainment, diesel fuel droplet evaporation, ignition delay, flame propagation, and combustion quenching. The crevice zone absorbs charge gas from the cylinder as pressure increases, and releases mass back into the chamber as pressure decreases. Some crevice mass released during late combustion may not be oxidized, resulting in emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide. Quenching ahead of the flame front may leave additional charge unburned, yielding high methane emissions. Potential reduction of engine-out NOx emissions with natural gas fueling has also been investigated. The higher substitution of natural gas in the engine produces less engine-out NOx emissions. This paper presents the development of the model, baseline predictions, and comparisons to experimental measurements performed in a single-cylinder Caterpillar 3400 series engine.

Investigation of a Novel Fuel Injection Technology Aimed to Reduce Cold-Start Emissions in SI Engines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Reese ◽  
Yann G. Guezennec ◽  
Miodrag Oljaca
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Atomization Characteristics ◽  
Injection Technology

A novel fuel atomization device (Nanomiser™) was evaluated under laboratory conditions with respect to its ability to reduce SI engine cold-start hydrocarbon emissions. First, comparisons between the level of atomization using the conventional, pintle-type fuel injector and the novel atomizer were carried out using flow visualization in a spray chamber and particle size distribution. The novel atomizer is capable of producing sub-micron fuel droplets, which form an ultra-fine mist with outstanding non-wetting characteristics. To capitalize on these atomization characteristics, this device was compared to a conventional fuel injector in a small, two-cylinder, SI engine under a number of operating conditions. Results show a slightly enhanced combustion quality and lean limit under warm operating conditions and a dramatic reduction in unburned HC emission under cold operating conditions, with cold emissions with the Nanomiser™ matching those with a conventional injector under fully warm conditions.

Towards an Innovative Combination of Natural Gas and Liquid Fuel Injection in Spark Ignition Engines

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Delpech ◽  
Jerome Obiols ◽  
Dominique Soleri ◽  
Laurent Mispreuve ◽  
Eric Magere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines

Numerical Studies of Glow Plug Shield on Natural Gas Ignition Characteristics in a CI Engine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Pan ◽  
James S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Injection Angle ◽  
Glow Plug ◽  
Gas Ignition ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

This paper presents a numerical study on fuel injection, ignition and combustion in a direct-injection natural gas (DING) engine with ignition assisted by a shielded glow plug (GP). The shield geometry is investigated by employing different sizes of elliptical shield opening and changing the position of the shield opening. The results simulated by KIVA-3V indicated that fuel ignition and combustion is very sensitive to the relative angle between the fuel injection and the shield opening, and the use of an elliptical opening for the glow plug shield can reduce ignition delay by 0.1∼0.2ms for several specific combinations of the injection angle and shield opening size, compared to a circular shield opening. In addition, the numerical results also revealed that the natural gas ignition and flame propagation will be delayed by lowering a circular shield opening from the fuel jet center plane, due to the blocking effect of the shield to the fuel mixture, and hence it will reduce the DING performance by causing a longer ignition delay.

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