Injury Assessment Reference Values for the CRABI 6-Month Infant Dummy in a Rear-Facing Infant Restraint with Airbag Deployment

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Melvin
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
Airbag Deployment

scholarly journals Development of Head Injury Assessment Reference Values Based on NASA Injury Modeling

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Somers ◽  
Bradley Granderson ◽  
John W. Melvin ◽  
Ala Tabiei ◽  
Charles Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Injury Assessment

Development of Lower Neck Injury Assessment Reference Values Based on Comparison of ATD and PMHS Tests

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-323
Author(s):  
Christine Raasch ◽  
Michael Carhart ◽  
B. Johan Ivarsson ◽  
Scott Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
Lower Neck

scholarly journals Head and neck injury potential during water sports falls: examining the effects of helmets

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving S. Scher ◽  
Lenka L. Stepan ◽  
Ryan W. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
Head And Neck Injury ◽  
Water Sports ◽  
Sports Helmets

AbstractHead and neck injuries sustained during water skiing and wakeboarding occur as a result of falls in water and collisions with obstacles, equipment, or people. Though water sports helmets are designed to reduce injury likelihood from head impacts with hard objects, some believe that helmets increase head and neck injury rates for falls into water (with no impact to a solid object). The effect of water sports helmets on head kinematics and neck loads during simulated falls into water was evaluated using a custom-made pendulum system with a Hybrid-III anthropometric testing device. Two water entry configurations were evaluated: head-first and pelvis-first water impacts with a water entry speed of 8.8 ± 0.1 m/s. Head and neck injury metrics were compared to injury assessment reference values and the likelihoods of brain injury were determined from head kinematics. Water sport helmets did not increase the likelihood of mild traumatic brain injury compared to a non-helmeted condition for both water entry configurations. Though helmets did increase injury metrics (such as head acceleration, HIC, and cervical spine compression) in some test configurations, the metrics remained below injury assessment reference values and the likelihoods of injury remained below 1%. Using the effective drag coefficients, the lowest water impact speed needed to produce cervical spine injury was estimated to be 15 m/s. The testing does not support the supposition that water sports helmets increase the likelihood of head or neck injury in a typical fall into water during water sports.

Obese Forklift Operator Neck Loads and Back Loads on a Sit Down Lift Truck During a Sudden Drop

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimba Mkandawire ◽  
Stacy Imler ◽  
James Smith
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Sudden Drop ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
The Right

Neck and back loads of sit down forklift operators have not been fully evaluated in the scientific literature. In this study, we evaluate the neck and back loads of an obese forklift operator who experiences a sudden vertical drop while operating a sit down lift truck. A ballasted 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test device (ATD) was used to measure loads available to a sit down forklift operator. Telemetry was used to remotely operate the sit down lift truck with the ATD properly belted. The belted ATD and lift truck were traveling, forks-leading along a stationary flatbed trailer when the right front forklift tire dropped into a defect in the floor. Several runs were performed at forklift travel speeds less than 5 miles per hour (2.2 meters per second). Back loads of the ATD were compared to activities of daily living (ADLs); and neck and back loads of the ATD were compared to published human tolerance levels and Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) used in compliance testing. Review of ADLs, IARVs, and tolerance data show little correlation between the potential for spinal injury and experiencing a sudden drop while operating a sit down lift truck.

TRID Cervical Analysis During Rear Impact Simulation With MADYMO

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Meyer ◽  
Jessica M. Fritz ◽  
Gerald F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Cervical Injury ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Careful Assessment

The ability to determine cervical Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) is the result of contributions extending over the past several decades [1–7]. These studies confirm that lower speed impact analyses require careful assessment of mechanical and biomechanical parameters in order to examine body segmental effects. Mechanical and biomechanical metrics are included in an analysis to account for complexities of occupant and vehicle coupling. The purpose of this work is to describe the IARV results of a series of controlled lower speed rear impacts applied to a restrained, 50th percentile TRID male occupant.

ES2 Neck Injury Assessment Reference Values for Lateral Loading in Side Facing Seats

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Philippens ◽  
J. Wismans ◽  
P. A. Forbes ◽  
N. Yoganandan ◽  
F. A. Pintar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Lateral Loading ◽  
Injury Assessment

Sports Concussions (TBI), Imbalance, and Dizziness

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Doettl
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Behavioral Marker ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Injury Assessment

It has been widely accepted that the assessment of balance after concussion plays a large role in determining deficit. Qualitative balance assessments have been an established piece of the post-injury assessment as a clinical behavioral marker of concussion for many years. Recently more specific guidelines outlining the role of balance evaluation in concussion identification and management have been developed as part of concussion management tools. As part of the ongoing development of concussions protocols, quantitative assessment of balance function following concussion has also been identified to have an important role. Frequently imbalance and dizziness reported following concussion is assumed to be associated with post-concussion syndrome (PCS). While imbalance and dizziness are common complaints in PCS, they can also be a sign of additional underlying pathology. In cases of specific dizziness symptoms or limited balance recovery beyond the initial post-concussive period, a quantitative vestibular assessment may also be needed. Electronystagmography and videonystagmography (ENG/VNG), rotary chair testing (RCT), and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) have all been identified as valid assessment tools for vestibular dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The assessment of balance and dizziness following sports-related concussions is an integral piece of the puzzle for removal from play, assessment of severity, and management.

EURRECA’s Approach for Estimating Micronutrient Requirements

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Matthys ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Lisette de Groot ◽  
Lee Hooper ◽  
Adriënne E.J.M. Cavelaars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
Quantitative Integration

In Europe, micronutrient dietary reference values have been established by (inter)national committees of experts and are used by public health policy decision-makers to monitor and assess the adequacy of diets within population groups. The approaches used to derive dietary reference values (including average requirements) vary considerably across countries, and so far no evidence-based reason has been identified for this variation. Nutrient requirements are traditionally based on the minimum amount of a nutrient needed by an individual to avoid deficiency, and is defined by the body’s physiological needs. Alternatively the requirement can be defined as the intake at which health is optimal, including the prevention of chronic diet-related diseases. Both approaches are confronted with many challenges (e. g., bioavailability, inter and intra-individual variability). EURRECA has derived a transparent approach for the quantitative integration of evidence on Intake-Status-Health associations and/or Factorial approach (including bioavailability) estimates. To facilitate the derivation of dietary reference values, EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned (EURRECA) is developing a process flow chart to guide nutrient requirement-setting bodies through the process of setting dietary reference values, which aims to facilitate the scientific alignment of deriving these values.

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