The Effect of Lubricant Phosphorus Level on Exhaust Emissions in a Field Trial of Gasoline Engine Vehicles

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Drury ◽  
Scott Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Phosphorus Level

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

Tumble Flow Measurements Using Three Different Methods and Its Effects on Fuel Economy and Emissions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoungjin Kim ◽  
Sihun Lee ◽  
Wootae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Dynamometer Test

In-cylinder flows such as tumble and swirl have an important role on the engine combustion efficiencies and emission formations. In particular, the tumble flow, which is dominant in-cylinder flow in current high performance gasoline engines, has an important effect on the fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions under part load conditions. Therefore, it is important to know the effect of the tumble ratio on the part load performance and optimize the tumble ratio of a gasoline engine for better fuel economy and exhaust emissions. First step in optimizing a tumble flow is to measure a tumble ratio accurately. In this research the tumble flow was measured, compared and correlated using three different measurement methods: steady flow rig, 2-Dimensional PIV, and 3-Dimensional PTV. Engine dynamometer test was performed to find out the effect of the tumble ratio on the part load performance. Dynamometer test results of high tumble ratio engine showed faster combustion speed, retarded MBT timing, higher exhaust emissions, and a better lean burn combustion stability. Lean limit of the baseline engine was expanded from A/F=18:1 to A/F=21:1 by increasing a tumble ratio using MTV.

scholarly journals Exhaust Emissions and Energy Consumption Analysis of Conventional, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles in Real Driving Cycles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6423
Author(s):  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej ◽  
Karolina Kurtyka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Traffic Conditions

One of the environmental aims of the European Union is to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. According to European Parliament data, transport emissions accounted for about 25% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2016, in which road transport had the largest share (approximately 72%). This phenomenon is particularly visible in urban agglomerations. The solution examples are the popularization of hybrid vehicles and the development of electromobility. The aim of this paper is an assessment of the energy consumption and exhaust emissions from passenger cars fitted with different powertrains in actual operation. For the tests, passenger cars with conventional engines of various emission classes were used as well as the latest hybrid vehicles and an electric car. It enabled a comparative assessment of the energy consumption under different traffic conditions, with particular emphasis on the urban phase and the entire RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test. The results were analyzed to identify changes in these environmental factors that have occurred with the technical advancement of vehicles. The lowest total energy consumption in real traffic conditions is characteristic of an electric vehicle; the plug-in hybrid vehicle with a gasoline engine is about 10% bigger, and the largest one is a combustion vehicle (30% bigger than an electric vehicle). These data may contribute to the classification of vehicles and identification of advantages of the latest developments in conventional, hybrid, and electric vehicles.

Fine Atomization and Low Penetration Fuel Spray by Using a Multi-Swirl Nozzle for Automobile Engines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Yasukawa ◽  
Yoshio Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Formation Control ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Nozzle Outlet ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Automobile Engines

Improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions of automobile engines have become very important. The direct injection gasoline engine has the advantage of reduced fuel consumption, but it also has disadvantages related to exhaust emissions. Weak mixing of fuel with air due to short mixing time and fuel liquid-film adhering to the engine cylinder walls cause emission problems. To reduce these emissions, injectors need to provide fine atomization, low fuel penetration (length of fuel spray), and spray formation control. In this study, we developed a multi-swirl nozzle that forms a thin liquid-film at the nozzle outlet for fine atomization; the thin liquid-film easily breaks up into small droplets. We investigated the fuel spray characteristics of these nozzles experimentally and numerically. Using a long-distance microscope, we found that a liquid-film formed at the nozzle outlet even if its diameter was small. This is an effect of the centrifugal force from the swirl flow. Experimental results also showed that the multi-swirl nozzle reduced the size of coarse droplets (irregular, large droplets) and shortened fuel penetration. We also simulated numerically the fuel flow of the multi-swirl nozzle. Numerical analysis described the swirling flow that the multi-swirl nozzle generated above the nozzle inlet and the thin liquid-film at the nozzle outlet.

scholarly journals Testing and evaluation of cold-start emissions from a gasoline engine in RDE test at two different ambient temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej ◽  
Karolina Kurtyka
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In order to better reflect the actual ecological performance of vehicles in traffic conditions, both the emission standards and the applied emission tests are being developed, for example by considering exhaust emissions for a cold engine start. This article presents the research results on the impact of ambient temperature during the cold start of a gasoline engine in road emission tests. The Real Driving Emissions (RDE) tests apply to passenger cars that meet the Euro 6 emissions norm and they are complementary to their type approval tests. A portable emissions measurement system was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters, as well as to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for parameters such as engine load, engine speed and vehicle speed to be monitored. The cold start conditions for two different temperatures (8°C and 25°C) were compared in detail. Moreover, the engine operating parameters, exhaust concentration values and road emissions for the 300 s time interval, were compared. The summary of the article presents the share of a passenger car’s cold start phase for each exhaust compound in the urban part of the test and in the entire Real Driving Emissions test depending on the ambient temperature.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Injection Timing on Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Port-Injected Gasoline Engine

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Movahednejad ◽  
F. Ommi ◽  
M. Hosseinalipour ◽  
O. Samimi
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Intake Port ◽  
One Dimensional

For spark ignition engines, the fuel-air mixture preparation process is known to have a significant influence on engine performance and exhaust emissions. In this paper, an experimental study is made to characterize the spray characteristics of an injector with multi-disc nozzle used in the engine. The distributions of the droplet size and velocity and volume flux were characterized by a PDA system. Also a model of a 4 cylinder multi-point fuel injection engine was prepared using a fluid dynamics code. By this code one-dimensional, unsteady, multiphase flow in the intake port has been modeled to study the mixture formation process in the intake port. Also, one-dimensional air flow and wall fuel film flow and a two-dimensional fuel droplet flow have been modeled, including the effects of in-cylinder mixture back flows into the port. The accuracy of model was verified using experimental results of the engine testing showing good agreement between the model and the real engine. As a result, predictions are obtained that provide a detailed picture of the air-fuel mixture properties along the intake port. A comparison was made on engine performance and exhaust emission in different fuel injection timing for 2600 rpm and different loads. According to the present investigation, optimum injection timing for different engine operating conditions was found.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGATURAN MODE CO DAN RPM MESIN TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR INJEKSI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
SUGENG PRAMUDIBYO PRAMUDIBYO
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions ◽  
Co Gas

The high population in Indonesia has an impact on increasing the mobility of the population in work and activities, which is followed by the increased transportation facilities needed by the community. One of the negative effects of the increasing number of vehicles is the danger of exhaust emissions. One way to minimize the danger of exhaust gases is to regulate the mixture of air and fuel on the gasoline engine. In Yamaha injection motors there is a CO setting technology, this technology will have an impact on fuel use. The standard CO on a Yamaha motorbike is 0 and can be added or reduced (±) until it reaches 30. Increasing CO one strip will cause the fuel sprayed by the injector to be reduced by 0.05 cc. Examination of exhaust gas emissions is carried out using the Qrotect 401 Engine Gas Analyzer which is capable of measuring CO2, O2, CO, HC and Lamda. Based on the test results show that the lowest exhaust emissions are produced by the vehicle at 2500 rpm and in CO-30 mode settings, namely CO gas emissions of 0.49%. So we can conclude that the lowest exhaust gas emissions are produced by the vehicle at rpm 2500 with CO-30 settings. In addition to co mode settings, variations in engine rpm also affect exhaust emissions. In different modes but with different rpm the results will also be different. In the CO 10 mode setting with rpm 1400 CO gas emission is produced at 2.102 while at 2500 rpm is produced 0.821. So at rpm 2500 produced exhaust emissions lower than rpm 1400. There is a significant effect between CO mode settings and engine rpm on motorcycle exhaust emissions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PLANT SPACING, PHOSPHORUS LEVEL, AND TIME OF HARVEST ON FORAGE YIELD OF LABLAB (LABLAB PURPUREUS), CV. HIGHWORTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
O. S. Lamidi ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
B. Abdullahi ◽  
A. T. Omokanya
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Time Of Harvest

A field trial was conducted at Shika, Northern Nigeria to examine the effect of two plant spacings: 30 x 25cm (SI) and 60 x 25cm (S2), four phosphorus leves (75, 100, 125 and 150kgP.ha) and harvesting at 86, 100, 114 and 128 days after planting (DAP) on forage yield of La-blab purpureus cv. Highworth. Closer spacing significantly gave higher (P < 0.05) leaf, stem and total dry matter (DM) yields that wider spacing. Application of phosphorus fertilizer did not significantly (P > 0.p05) influence stem and total DM yield. Leaf DM yield was affected (P < 0.05) by the levels of fertilizer applied. Earlier harvest favoured leaf DM yield, while later harvests gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher stem and total DM yields. The contributions of stem towards the total DM yield increased with age of plant: 86 DAP (55%) < 100 DAP (71%) < 114 DAP (80%) < 128 DAP (89%). The data obtained suggest that a spacing of 30 x 25cm with the application of 100kg P/ha would suffice for satisfactory forage yield.

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