Vehicle Corrosion Severity at Various Geographical Locations in the United States

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Z. Libertiny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographical Locations

scholarly journals Lawsuits against plastic surgeons: Does locale affect incidence of claims?

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L Kaplan ◽  
Warren C Hammert ◽  
James E Zin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Malpractice Claims ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Medical Malpractice Claims ◽  
Geographical Locations

Background Physicians continue to practice in a very litigious environment. Some physicians try to mitigate their exposure to lawsuits by avoiding geographical locations known for their high incidence of medical malpractice claims. Not only are certain areas of the United States known to have a higher incidence of litigation, but it is also assumed that certain areas of the hospital incur a greater liability. There seems to be a medicolegal dogma suggesting a higher percentage of malpractice claims coming from patients seen in the emergency room (ER), as well as higher settlements for ER claims. Objective To determine if there is any validity to the dogma that a higher percentage of malpractice claims arise from the ER. Methods An analysis of common plastic surgery consults that result in malpractice claims was performed. The location where the basis for the lawsuit arose – the ER, office (clinic) or the operating room (OR) – was evaluated. The value of the indemnity paid and whether its value increased or decreased based on the location of the misadventure was evaluated. Results According to the data, which represented 60% of American physicians, there was a larger absolute number of malpractice claims arising from the OR, not the ER. However, the highest average indemnity was paid for cases involving amputations when the misadventure originated in the ER. Conclusions The dogma that a greater percentage of lawsuits come from incidents arising in the ER is not supported. However, depending on the patient's injury and diagnosis, a lawsuit from the ER can be more costly than one from the OR.

The evolution and development of human social systems requires more than parasite-stress avoidance explanation

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grotuss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Stress Avoidance ◽  
Geographical Locations

AbstractFincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a model of in-group assortative sociality resulting from differing levels of parasite-stress in differing geographical locations in the United States and the world. Their model, while compelling, overlooks some important issues, such as mutualistic associations with parasites that are beneficial to humans and how some religious practices increase parasite risk.

That smells blue! Differences between colour associations for odours and odour-evocative words

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
Kirsten J. McKenzie ◽  
Andrew T. Woods ◽  
Christine Leong ◽  
Jiana Ren ◽  
Jason Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multisensory Environment ◽  
Tactile Sensations ◽  
Odour Perception ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Over Time

Strong associations exist between specific odours and colours, and these associations have been found to be both consistent within populations and over time (Gilbert et al., 1996). Experimental manipulations of these associations have shown that both taste and odour perception rely heavily upon visual cues (e.g., Blackwell, 1995; Sakai et al., 2005); participants often make errors in odour judgements when stimuli have been artificially coloured (Morrot et al., 2001), and the presence of a strongly-associated colour can greatly enhance the detection of an odour and the intensity of aromas or flavours (Zellner and Kautz, 1990; Zellner and Whitten, 1999), as well as preference and enjoyment (Herz, 2001; Herz and Beland, 2004). Such associations between colour and odour appear to be based on prior experience (Blackwell, 1995; Morrot et al., 2001; Sakai et al., 2005; Stevenson and Oaten, 2008), and odours are usually perceived alongside visual, taste and tactile sensations, as well as higher order cues such as shape, size and object labelling. As such, an odour maybe perceived quite differently depending upon its current multisensory context, and experiencing an odour without these additional cues is likely to be different from experiencing the odour in a natural multisensory environment. Here we explore if odour-evocative words, rich in semantic connotations, differ in their colour associations compared to those associated with just odour. Twenty individuals were tested in each of four geographical locations; Germany, Malaysia, The Netherlands and the United States of America. Participants chose the three colours they most closely associated with both odours and odour-words from a chart of 36, using Xperiment software (www.xperiment.mobi). Preliminary results indicate that there were differences between odour-evocative words and odour cues in terms of the associated colours, for all populations.

scholarly journals First Report of Rust Caused by Puccinia carduorum on Italian thistle in Tunisia

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mejri ◽  
T. Souissi ◽  
D. Berner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Spraying Plants ◽  
Geographical Locations

Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus L.) is a common and increasingly important weed in Tunisia. It is also problematic in the western United States and a target of biological control. In surveys conducted in northern Tunisia from 2003 to 2005, Italian thistle plants in many locations were found diseased by rust. Eighty-five isolates of rust were collected from Italian thistle during these surveys. Each isolate was collected from a single plant and stored individually as mixtures of urediniospores and teliospores at 4°C or in liquid nitrogen. Urediniospores and teliospores of all isolates were similar in morphology and matched the description of Puccinia carduorum Jacky (3). Isolate B1003 (BPI No. 878207), collected from Béja, Tunisia, was arbitrarily selected for further study. Comparison of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of B1003 (GenBank Accession No. EF050059) with other ITS sequences indicated a 97% similarity to P. carduorum (GenBank Accession No. PCU57351) from Carduus nutans subsp. leiophyllus. Eight Italian thistle plants, grown from seeds collected in Béja, were inoculated in the 3- to 5-leaf stage with urediniospores of B1003 by spraying plants with an aqueous suspension of urediniospores at 106 spores per ml with approximately 0.03 ml of surfactant until they were thoroughly wet. Four plants were sprayed with water plus surfactant only. All plants were covered with plastic bags and placed in a growth chamber at 18/20°C night/day temperatures. Bags were removed 24 h after inoculation and plants were monitored daily for symptoms. Plants sprayed with water plus surfactant only did not develop symptoms. Six inoculated plants developed disease symptoms similar to those observed on samples collected during the surveys. White flecks appeared within 7 days of inoculation and developed into brown pustules 10 days after inoculation. Pustules enlarged and produced urediniospores until they covered both sides of diseased leaves. One month after appearance of symptoms, diseased leaves turned yellow and died. Urediniospores from these plants were used to inoculate six plants each at the 2- to 5-, 6- to 8-, and >8-leaf stages. All plants became diseased and produced uredinia. Plants in the 2- to 5-leaf stage were more severely diseased than other plants. P. carduorum was introduced to the United States in a field test for control of C. nutans subsp. leiophyllus (musk thistle) and has become established in a number of states (1). An isolate of this fungus has also been found from C. tenuiflorus (slender-flower thistle) in California (4). However, neither isolate causes substantial disease on Italian thistle from California (2,4). Isolates of P. carduorum from C. pycnocephalus in Greece, Italy, and Turkey caused little disease on most Italian thistle collections from California (2), indicating variability in susceptibility among plants as well as in virulence among rust isolates from different geographical locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. carduorum parasitizing Italian thistle in Tunisia. Tests will be conducted to determine the host range of this isolate among C. pycnocephalus collections and other species. References: (1) A. B. A. M. Baudoin and W. L. Bruckart. Plant Dis. 80:1193, 1996. (2) W. L. Bruckart and G. L. Peterson. Phytopathology 81:192, 1991. (3) D. B. O. Savile. Can. J. Bot. 48:1553, 1970. (4) A. K. Watson and K. Brunetti. Plant Dis. 68:1003, 1984.

Points and Viewpoints: On the mathematics curriculum of the high school

1962 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Mathematical Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mathematical Competence ◽  
Geographical Locations

The following memorandum was composed by several of the undersigned and sent to seventy-five mathematicians in the United States and Canada. No attemptwas made to amass a large number of signatures by canvassing the entire mathematical community. Rather, the objective was to obtain a modest number from men with mathematical competence, background, and experience, and from various geographical locations. A few of the undersigned, whose support is indeed welcomed, volunteered their names when they learned about the memorandum from a colleague.

The Impact of the US Factor on India’s Asia Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Grare
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
The Us ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geographical Locations

The convergence of interests between India and the United States extend to most major regional issues. Both countries intend to pursue regional cooperation and develop an inclusive regional security architecture. Yet significant perception gaps persist between the two countries linked to their asymmetry of power as well as geographical locations. India does not want to be caught in a zero-sum game between China and the United States and remains uncertain about the willingness of the United States to act as a security provider. The relationship is ultimately based on a quid pro quo that takes into account US interests and India’s own constraints. A strong but autonomous India contributes to United States interests in the region.

Hierarchy of Response to Handicaps

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia D. Horne ◽  
Jerry L. Ricciardo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intermediate Grade ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Over Time

This study compared the relative attitudes toward various types of exceptionality among three groups of elementary and intermediate-grade children ( ns = 36, 41, and 79) and one group of adults ( n = 1030). It also investigated the stability of these rankings over 13 years and in different parts of the United States. The hierarchies of preferences for these two groups of southwestern children were highly correlated, as were those preferences for these children and adults in the east. A comparison of the ranks obtained in 1987 with those reported in 1974–75 showed a stable hierarchy over time and geographical locations.

scholarly journals China’s Partnership Network Versus the U.S. Alliance System: Coexistence or Conflict?

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Partnership Network ◽  
Alliance System ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
The U.S

One interesting fact to note about China’s expanding partnership network is the inclusion of many security allies of the United States. China’s partnership network (CPN) and the U.S. alliance system (UAS) are quite different in nature, with the former emphasizing economic cooperation and the latter focused on security deterrence. Due to such factors as the geographical locations of U.S. allies, strategic positions, and perceptions of external threats, China’s partnerships with U.S. allies are generally more successful in Europe than in the Asia-Pacific. Based on an analysis of the dynamics of interaction between CPN and UAS, this article categorizes their past interaction into two basic models: coexistence (both easy and hard) and confrontation. With regard to the growing uncertainties in the global economy and global politics, the interaction between CPN and UAS may either create a platform for enhanced cooperation or an arena for escalating contention among related countries. To avoid the latter scenario, China must remain prudent in expanding its partnership network, and try to strengthen mutual security reassurance with the United States and its allies through more win-win cooperation in all areas.

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