Development of an Infrared Absorption Transducer to Monitor Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide for Space Applications

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Lutz ◽  
Victoria Margiott ◽  
Sean Murray ◽  
James Schaff
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Space Applications

scholarly journals The Effect of the Temperature and Moisture to the Permeation Properties of PEO-Based Membranes for Carbon-Dioxide Separation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Dragutin Nedeljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Different Temperatures

An increased demand for energy in recent decades has caused an increase in the emissions of combustion products, among which carbon-dioxide is the most harmful. As carbon-dioxide induces negative environmental effects, like global warming and the greenhouse effect, a decrease of the carbon-dioxide emission has emerged as one of the most urgent tasks in engineering. In this work, the possibility for the application of the polymer-based, dense, mixed matrix membranes for flue gas treatment was tested. The task was to test a potential decrease in the permeability and selectivity of a mixed-matrix membrane in the presence of moisture and at elevated temperature. Membranes are based on two different poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymers filled with two different zeolite powders (ITR and IWS). An additive of detergent type was added to improve the contact properties between the zeolite and polymer matrix. The measurements were performed at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 90 °C) under wet conditions, with partial pressure of the water equal to the vapor pressure of the water at the given temperature. The permeability of carbon-dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen was measured, and the selectivity of the carbon-dioxide versus other gases was determined. Obtained results have shown that an increase of temperature and partial pressure of the vapor slightly increase both the selectivity and permeability of the synthesized membranes. It was also shown that the addition of the zeolite powder increases the permeability of carbon-dioxide while maintaining the selectivity, compared to hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Using a Single-Mode Microwave Plasma Generator

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mogildea ◽  
Marian Mogildea ◽  
Cristina Popa ◽  
Gabriel Chiritoi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Plasma Characterization ◽  
Co2 Atmosphere

This paper focuses on the dissociation of carbon dioxide (CO2) following the absorption processes of microwave radiation by noncontact metal wire (tungsten). Using a microwave plasma generator (MPG) with a single-mode cavity, we conducted an interaction of microwaves with a noncontact electrode in a CO2 atmosphere. High energy levels of electromagnetic radiation are generated in the focal point of the MPG’s cylindrical cavity. The metal wires are vaporized and ionized from this area, subsequently affecting the dissociation of CO2. The CO2 dissociation is highlighted through plasma characterization and carbon monoxide (CO) quantity determination. For plasma characterization, we used an optical emission spectroscopy method (OES), and for CO quantity determination, we used a gas analyzer instrument. Using an MPG in the CO2 atmosphere, we obtained a high electron temperature of the plasma and a strong dissociation of CO2. After 20 s of the interaction between microwaves and noncontact electrodes, the quantity of CO increased from 3 ppm to 1377 ppm (0.13% CO). This method can be used in space applications to dissociate CO2 and refresh the atmosphere of closed spaces.

Effect of vegetation on limestone solution in a small High Arctic basin

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Ko Woo ◽  
Philip Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Equilibrium Partial Pressure ◽  
Biogenic Carbon

To evaluate the effect of tundra vegetation on limestone solution processes, the present study was carried out in a small basin in southwestern Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. A test reach was selected along the stream, and water samples were collected at regular intervals from a seepage point entering the reach, a soil water pit at the bottom of a vegetated slope along the test reach, and from the stream at the outlet of the reach. Hydrochemical characteristics of the samples were described by several measured and calculated variables including water temperature, pH, calcium and total hardness, bicarbonate concentration, equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and indices of saturation with respect to calcite and dolomite. Throughout the growing season of 1975, all samples indicated higher concentrations in water hardness and in bicarbonate than those reported in nonvegetated areas of the Arctic. A rising trend was apparent in these data, with the concentrations reaching a seasonal maximum in late summer. These phenomena are attributed to the production of biogenic carbon dioxide, which increased the aggressiveness of the water. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in soil water was directly increased by this process, while the addition of soil water to the stream caused noticeable downstream increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide and a corresponding reduction in saturation with respect to calcite and to dolomite. The influence of vegetation was therefore very marked in both surface and in subsurface flows.

PULMONARY FUNCTION, DEDUCED FROM URINARY NITROGEN TENSIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-938
Author(s):  
M. E. A.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

THE elegant studies reported by Led-better, Homma, and Farhi in this issue are entitled `'Readjustment in Distribution of Alveolar Ventilation and Lung Perfusion in the Newborn." It must come as a great surprise to the reader to discover that the only measurement actually made was the partial pressure of nitrogen in the infants' urine. How could one conclude that there were significant imbalances between the distribution of alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow (VA/Q) in the first days of life in normal infants from a urine sample? It is all the more astounding in the light of previous (and seemingly more direct) studies of alveolar-arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide differences which led others to consider the differences largely explained by anatomical right-to-left shunts.

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