Quantifying Potential Improvements in Road Safety: A Comparison of Conditions in Japan and the United States to Guide Implementations of Intelligent Road Transportation Systems

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Transportation

scholarly journals An Optimal Redesign Approach for Optimal Global Supply Chain Redesign: Brazilian Soybean Grain Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Juan José Uchuya Lopéz ◽  
Raad Yahya Qassim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Inland Waterways

Brazil and the United States are the leading soybean grain producing and exporting countries in the world. Although crop production cost is significantly lower in Brazil than in the United States due to more advanced crop production technology, this competitive advantage vanishes in view of the higher logistics costs in Brazil than in the United States, in view of the dominance of road transportation in Brazil, whilst river and rail transportation are prevalent in the United States. In order to regain its competitive advantage, there is a clear need for a redesign of the inland supply chain in Brazil through the use and expansion of existent inland waterways and rail networks. In this paper, an optimal supply chain redesign methodology is presented to achieve the aforesaid objective, with a focus on Mato Grosso which is the largest producer and exporting state in Brazil. This methodology is in fact applicable to multiply echelon global supply chains in general.

scholarly journals The Influence of Logistics Mode on Cross Border E-commerce Business Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Hu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intermodal Transportation ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Logistics Mode ◽  
Transportation Logistics ◽  
The Impact

China’s cross-border e-commerce companies are facing the problem of high logistics cost caused by excessive reliance on road transportation in domestic logistics link. In the long-term development, crossborder e-commerce companies in the United States have adopted the intermodal transportation logistics mode, which can reduced the domestic logistics costs. In order to study the impact of intermodal-transportation logistics mode on the scale of cross-border e-commerce companies, this paper selects the relevant data of Hub Group, the first intermodal marketing company in North America, makes multiple regression analysis, and draws the following conclusion: the intermodal-transportation logistics mode of highway and railway collaborative transportation is conducive to the expansion of cross-border e-commerce business scale.

Development of Performance Requirements for a Rail Passenger Workstation Table Safety Standard

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Muhlanger ◽  
Daniel Parent ◽  
Kristine Severson ◽  
Benjamin Perlman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Draft Standard

The American Public Transportation Association’s (APTA) Construction and Structural committee, a railroad industry group, with the support of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), is creating an industry safety standard for an energy absorbing table. Workstation tables in passenger trains are an increasingly popular seating configuration both in the United States and abroad. Although a well-attached table can provide convenience and compartmentalization for the occupant, there is a risk of abdominal injury during a rail accident. In Fact, there have been several accidents in the United States in which impacts with workstation tables have severely or fatally injured occupants. In 2006, in response to these injuries, an FRA sponsored program developed a prototype table that distributed load over a wider area of the abdomen and absorbed energy during a collision. This table design was tested with specialized anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) instrumented to measure abdominal impact response and was shown to decrease injury risk compared to a baseline table design. Building on the knowledge gained in the development of the prototype table, the proposed standard requires force to the abdomen be limited while energy is absorbed by the table. Since manufacturers do not have access specialized ATDs, researchers proposed a two part testing requirement. The first part is a quasi-static test which measures the energy absorption capacity of the table with a maximum force level determined from testing with specialized abdominal ATDs. The second part is a sled test with a standard Hybrid III 50th percentile (HIII) ATD to assess compliance with occupant protection standards of compartmentalization and ATD injury assessment reference values (IARVs). This paper discusses the research performed to develop the performance requirement in the draft standard. Current injury measures, originally developed for the automotive industry, were examined to assess their applicability to workstation table impacts. Multiple Mathematical Dynamic Models (MADYMO) model simulations show the estimated injuries during a simulated sled test scenario. Several force-crush parameters were examined, including the initial stiffness of the force-crush curve, the plateau force and the target energy absorbed by the table, to determined the force-crush design characteristics of a table that are likely to reduce injury risk. The results of this study, combined with testing of the current prototype table described in a companion paper [1], led to a draft standard that will greatly improve the safety of workstation tables in passenger rail cars.

scholarly journals Towing Vessel Safety: Risk-Based Maintenance and Inspection of Towing Vessel Machinery and Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartley J. Eckhardt ◽  
Peter D. Squicciarini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
United States Coast Guard ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Incident Data ◽  
Maintenance And Inspection

Failures of machinery and systems aboard towing vessels can have devastating consequences to the vessel, its crew, other vessels and their crews, shoreside populations and facilities, cargoes, marine transportation systems, commerce, and the environment. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing Risk-Based Maintenance and Inspections of towing vessel machinery and systems. Utilizing incident data from the United States Coast Guard (USCG) and other relevant industry information, the authors apply the principles set forth in ANSI/API Recommended Practice 580, Risk-based Inspection [1], as a guideline. Relatively straightforward to implement, the methodology presented in this paper is expected to improve towing vessel safety, reduce potential dangers associated with towing operations, and provide favorable risk/benefit reward to vessel owners. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Household Vehicle Ownership and Ridesharing Behaviors in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Yuming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Vehicle Ownership

To improve the sustainability and efficiency of transport systems, communities and government agencies throughout the United States (US) are looking for ways to reduce vehicle ownership and single-occupant trips by encouraging people to shift from driving to using more sustainable transport modes (such as ridesharing). Ridesharing is a cost-effective, sustainable and effective alternative transportation mode that is beneficial to the environment, the economy and society. Despite the potential effect of vehicle ownership on the adoption of ridesharing services, individuals’ ridesharing behaviors and the interdependencies between vehicle ownership and ridesharing usage are not well understood. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the associations between household vehicle ownership and the frequency and probability of ridesharing usage, and to estimate the effects of household vehicle ownership on individuals’ ridesharing usage in the US. We conducted zero-inflated negative binomial regression models using data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. The results show that, in general, one-vehicle reduction in households was significantly associated with a 7.9% increase in the frequency of ridesharing usage and a 23.0% increase in the probability of ridesharing usage. The effects of household vehicle ownership on the frequency of ridesharing usage are greater for those who live in areas with a higher population density than those living in areas with a lower population density. Young people, men, those who are unable to drive, individuals with high household income levels, and those who live in areas with rail service or a higher population density, tend to use ridesharing more frequently and are more likely to use it. These findings can be used as guides for planners or practitioners to better understand individuals’ ridesharing behaviors, and to identify policies and interventions to increase the potential of ridesharing usage, and to decrease household vehicle ownership, depending on different contextual features and demographic variables. Comprehensive strategies that limit vehicle ownership and address the increasing demand for ridesharing have the potential to improve the sustainability of transportation systems.

Challenges and Strategies for Local Road Safety Training and Technology Transfer

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Knapp ◽  
Donald Walker ◽  
Eugene Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Local Road

A significant increase in the safety of transportation networks in the United States and throughout the world will require the direct involvement of local jurisdictions (e.g., counties, townships, villages, and cities). In 1998, approximately 4 out of 10 fatalities in the United States occurred on collector and local roadways. Local road agencies need to have the skills to identify, evaluate, and mitigate safety concerns. Effective local road safety training, technology transfer, and resources are essential. A number of challenges need to be met to complete these tasks, but current local road safety training and technology transfer programs and strategies also offer opportunities. Some of these challenges are identified and discussed, and several current and potential programs and strategies for local road safety training and technology transfer are described. Relevant results from a recent FHWA and AASHTO international scan tour on the management and organization of comprehensive highway safety programs are also presented and used to support the suggestions provided. A synopsis of the relevant discussions from a recent workshop on highway safety workforce development, sponsored by FHWA, AASHTO, TRB, and ITE, is also offered. The objective is to initiate discussion about the need for and development of a comprehensive and cost-effective local safety training and technology transfer program.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on road safety in Canada and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 106324
Author(s):  
W.G.M. Vanlaar ◽  
H. Woods-Fry ◽  
H. Barrett ◽  
C. Lyon ◽  
S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Impact

Tankers and the U. S. Energy Environmental Analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 340-364
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Porricelli ◽  
Virgil F. Keith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Energy Problem ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Marine System

The United States is facing an energy problem. The range of solutions varies from "the advancement of technology at any cost" to "a reversion to a bucolic society." Many of these solutions, while solving the energy problem, create an associated ecological problem. This paper illustrates a method by which additional oil can be safely imported to the U. S. by a marine transportation system. This marine system actually reduces the transportation cost of providing this energy and, more importantly, reduces the ecological damage to the oceans and beaches when compared with existing systems. The prospect of increasing oil imports for the United States at six or seven times the rate experienced in the past decade adds a new dimension to U. S. external petroleum logistics, particularly with respect to tankers and port facilities to accommodate them. The paper is divided into four major areas:The U. S. energy situation and projected oil requirements;economics of tankers to import that oil to the U. S.;the environmental impact of tanker transportation systems upon the U. S.; andthe cost and effectiveness of those systems.

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