Air Cleaning Device for Motor Vehicles Using a Low-Voltage Conductive Filter

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Yoshikawa ◽  
Takeshiro Komatsu ◽  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Fumio Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Device

A Study on the Control of Bio-Aerosol for Prevention of Indoor Aerial Infection Using Antimicrobial Air Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1601-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Mi Lee ◽  
Byong Hyoek Lee ◽  
Chan Jung Park
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
Viral Survival ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Biological Protection

Some indoor bio-aerosols trigger allergic reactions, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, and various types of asthma. Moreover, human influenza virus is one of the bio-aerosols that causes significant morbidity and mortality every year worldwide. Although vaccination is the most effective way to address the risk of airborne infection, they are not always feasible, available and practiced. An air cleaning device is effective and efficient in removing indoor bio-aerosols and thereby controlling or eliminating these airborne biological contaminants. An antimicrobial filter is developed and its antimicrobial activities against influenza viruses are measured. An extract from Gingko Biloba L. and Sumac (Rhus Javanica L.) possesses antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities thus this class of natural products is used as an antimicrobial agent in this study. An antimicrobial air filters were prepared by coating the natural agent on polypropylene filter media. The antimicrobial rates of the filter against new influenza (H1N1) virus and A/PuertoRico/8/34 (A/PR/8) virus were greater than 99.9999%. The antimicrobial filters were effective in controlling the bio-aerosols by inhibiting bacterial and viral survival on the filter, thereby preventing secondary contamination of filter from breeding of bio-aerosols. An air cleaning device equipped with the antimicrobial air filter was tested for the inhibition effect on viruses and no virus was detected at the outlet of the purifier. Although the antimicrobial filters are developed and tested only for the inactivation of virus in this study, the filter could be also effective in removing other types of bio-aerosols, such as bacteria, fungi, and allergens. The antimicrobial filter appears to be promising application in air cleaning and biological protection fields.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF AIR-CLEANING BIOFILTER HYBRID BIOCHARGE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS / ORO VALYMO BIOFILTRO MIŠRIOS ĮKROVOS KIEKYBINIŲ IR KOKYBINIŲ MIKROBIOLOGINIŲ PARAMETRŲ TYRIMAI / ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ИК А ЧЕСТВЕННЫХ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВВОЗДУХООЧИСТНОГО БИОФИЛЬТРА ПРИ СМЕШАННОЙ ЗАГРУЗКЕ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Zigmontienė ◽  
Lukas Žarnauskas
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Mould Fungus ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Cleaning Device

Investigation of microorganism quantitative and qualitative parameters in the hybrid load of the biofilter allows improving the parameters of one of the most effective and cheapest air cleaning technologies of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—biofiltration process. The point of biofiltering is the partitioning of volatile organic compounds during the metabolism of microorganisms. In pursuance to assure the best conditions for their growth, the biofilter is loaded with biocharge mixture made of zeolite, foam and wood shavings. The device is filled with VOCs mixture consisting of: acetone of ketone group; butanol of alcohol group and xylene of aromatic carbohydrate group. The optimal temperature of 30 °C is sustained in the air-cleaning device as well as neutral concentration of hydrogen ions (pH 6.9–7.1), biocharge mixture is irrigated with mineral saline solution. The investigation results show that the biofilter is operating most effectively 8 weeks after the end of its activation. The most propitious conditions for growing in the first biofilter cassette is when mould fungus and bacteria cultures have grown, the distribution percentage of which is respectively 5.3% and 94.7% in regard to all grown colonies. The most acceptable for mould is the faction of zeolite granules and activated synthetic foam cubes for bacteria. Santrauka Mikroorganizmų biofiltro mišrios įkrovos kiekybinių ir kokybinių parametrų tyrimai leidžia tikslingiau įvertinti vienos iš efektyviausių ir pigiausių LOJ (lakiųjų organinių junginių) valymo iš oro technologijų – biofiltracijos proceso parametrus. Biofiltracijos proceso esmė – LOJ skaidymas vykstant mikroorganizmų metabolizmui. Siekiant užtikrinti palankiausias sąlygas jiems augti, kaip biofiltro bioįkrova panaudota ceolito, porolono ir medienos drožlių mišinys. Į įrenginį buvo leidžiamas LOJ mišinys, į kurio sudėtį įėjo: ketonų grupei priklausantis acetonas; alkoholių grupei – butanolis ir aromatinių angliavandenilių grupei – ksilenas. Oro valymo įrenginyje buvo palaikoma optimali 30 °C temperatūra, neutralivandenilio jonų koncentracija (pH 6,9–7,1), bioįkrovos mišinys drėkintas mineralinių druskų tirpalu. Tyrimų rezultatairodo, kad biofiltras efektyviausiai veikia praėjus 8 savaitėms nuo jo aktyvinimo. Užaugus pelėsinių grybų ir bakterijų kultūroms (jų procentinis pasiskirstymas įrenginyje yra 5,3 % ir 94,7 % visų užaugusių kolonijų atžvilgiu) nustatyta, kad palankiausios sąlygos augti pirmoje biofiltro kasetėje. Pelėsiams tinkamiausia ceolito granulių frakcija, o bakterijoms – suaktyvinti sintetiniai porolono kubeliai. Резюме Исследование количественных и качественных параметров микроорганизмов при смешанной загрузке биофильтра позволяет совершенствовать параметры одной из самых эффективных и дешевых технологий по очисткевоздуха от летучих органических соединений (ЛОС) – процесса биофильтрации. Суть процесса биофильтрациизаключается в расщеплении ЛОС в процессе метаболизма микроорганизмов. В целях обеспечения самых благоприятных условий для их роста биофильтр загружался биологической смесью из цеолита, поролона и древеснойстружки. В устройство вводилась смесь ЛОС, в состав которой входил ацетон (группа кетонов), бутанол (группа спиртов) и ксилен (группа углеводородов). В воздухоочистном устройстве поддерживалась оптимальная температура (30 oC), нейтральная концентрация ионов водорода (pH 6,9–7,1), биологическая загрузочная смесь смачивалась раствором минеральных солей. Полученные результаты свидетельствовали о том, что наиболее эффективнобиофильтр работает спустя 8 недель после окончания его активизации. После того, как культуры грибков плесении бактерий, процентное распределение которых в устройстве соответственно было равно 5,3% и 94,7% относительно всех выращенных колоний, выросли, наиболее благоприятными для роста оказались условия в первой кассете биофильтра. Для плесени наиболее приемлемой оказалась фракция гранул цеолита, а для бактерий –активизированные кубики синтетического поролона.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL REEARCH ON APPLYING LAVSAN IN THE AIR BIOFILTRATION PROCESS / LAVSANO TAIKYMO ORO BIOFILTRACIJOS PROCESE EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvydas Zagorskis ◽  
Aleksandra Milaknytė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
Rich Solution ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Air Biofiltration

Air cleaning efficiency tests on placing material load into the lavsan biofilter were carried out. Testing included butanol vapour-contaminated air stream pulled during the boot. The studies were conducted by the Department of Environmental Protection at VGTU that developed a biofilter – an experimental biological air cleaning device. Measurements were done using 60 l/min and 90 l/min air volume aspirators under the initial pollutant concentration making 180, 305, 350, 440 and 545 mg/m3. Before measuring the concentrations of butanol lavsan cartridge, loading was periodically irrigated with nutrient-rich solution. In order to evaluate the influence of microorganisms on genus Pseudomonas, cleaning efficiency tests were repeated – Boot was moistened with water only, which allowed measuring butanol vapour concentrations after the cartridge. At the concentration of 180±9 mg/m3, efficiency reached 41% at a speed of 0,07 m/s and 46 % at a speed of 0,10 m/s. Measuring the performance of the initial concentration of 545±67 mg/m3, efficiency was 54% at 0,07 m/s and 53 % at 0,10 m/s respectively. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Atlikti oro valymo efektyvumo tyrimai į lašelinį biofiltrą įkrovus lavsano medžiagos įkrovą. Bandymų metu pro įkrovą buvo traukiamas butanolio garais užterštas oro srautas. Tyrimai atliekami naudojant VGTU Aplinkos apsaugos katedroje sukurtą eksperimentinį biologinį oro valymo įrenginį – biofiltrą. Matavimai atlikti leidžiant 60 l/min. ir 90 l/min. oro kiekį aspiratoriumi. Pradinės teršalo koncentracijos – 180, 305, 350, 440, 545 mg/m3. Prieš matuojant butanolio koncentracijas panaudojant lavsano medžiagos kasetę, įkrova buvo periodiškai drėkinama maistinių medžiagų prisotintu tirpalu. Pseudomonas genties mikroorganizmų įtakai valymo efektyvumui įvertinti tyrimai buvo pakartoti – įkrovos sudrėkinamos tik vandeniu, leidžiami butanolio garai, ir matuojamos koncentracijos panaudojus lavsano medžiagos kasetę. Esant 180±89 mg/m3 koncentracijai biofiltro oro valymo efektyvumas siekė 41 %, kai per įkrovą leidžiamo dujų srauto greitis buvo 0,07 m/s, ir 46 %, kai greitis 0,10 m/s. Nustatyta valymo efektyvumas. Esant 545±55 mg/m3 pradinei koncentracijai jis siekė 54 % (0,07 m/s) ir 53 % (0,10 m/s).

scholarly journals PLASMA COATING FORMED TIO2 CATALYSTS USAGE IN CLEANING THE AIR FROM NITROGEN OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE / PLAZMINIU PURŠKIMU SUFORMUOTŲ TIO2 KATALIZATORIŲ TAIKYMAS VALANT IŠ ORO AZOTO OKSIDUS IR ANGLIES MONOKSIDĄ

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Vitalij Kolodynskij ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Plasma Coating ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Average Flow Rate ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Average Flow ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Cleaning Device

The present catalytic air purification device–air cleaning device is capable to reduce nitrogen oxide sand carbon monoxide concentrations in polluted air stream and to achieve high cleaning efficiency. The principle of operation of catalytic air cleaning device is based on plasma coating formed catalysts usage. At high temperatures and oxygen concentrations in the experimental device channel, catalysts become active and reactions of conversion of pollutants start. In this research, the efficiency of cleaning the air from nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, by using plasma coating formed titanium oxide and copper-chromium catalysts, is carried out. 50% propane – 50% butane gas mix was used to generate polluted air flow. The maximum cleaning efficiency, cleaning the air of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, reached 86% and 77%, when the average flow rate of polluted air was 0.10 m/s, oxygen concentration in II section of device was 0.5–0.6% and in I section – 0.1–0.2%. Nagrinėjamas įrenginys – katalitinis oro valymo įrenginys, mažinantis azoto oksidų ir anglies monoksido koncentracijas užterštame oro sraute. Katalitinis oro valymo įrenginys veikia naudodamas plazminiu purškimu suformuotus katalizatorius. Esant aukštai temperatūrai ir optimaliai deguonies koncentracijai įrenginio eksperimentiniame kanale, katalizatorių paviršius tampa aktyvus, ir vyksta sudėtingos teršalų konversijos reakcijos. Atliktuose tyrimuose nagrinėtas suminis titano oksido ir vario-chromo oksido katalizatorių, kurie buvo pagaminti plazminio purškimo metodu, srauto, užteršto azoto oksidais ir anglies monoksidu, valymo efektyvumas. Užterštam oro srautui sugeneruoti buvo naudojamas 50 % propano – 50 % butano dujų mišinys. Didžiausias valymo efektyvumas, valant orą nuo azoto oksidų ir anglies monoksido, atitinkamai siekė 86 % ir 77 %, esant 0,10 m/s vidutiniam užteršto srauto greičiui, 0,5–0,6 % deguonies koncentracijai II-ojoje įrenginio sekcijoje ir 0,1–0,2 % deguonies koncentracijai I-ojoje įrenginio sekcijoje.

scholarly journals Low-Voltage Icing Protection Film for Automotive and Aeronautical Industries

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liberata Guadagno ◽  
Fabiana Foglia ◽  
Roberto Pantani ◽  
Maria Dolores Romero-Sanchez ◽  
Blanca Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Joule Effect ◽  
Conductive Films

High-performance heater films are here proposed. They manifest great applicative potentiality in the de-icing technology of aircraft and motor vehicles. The films are suitable to be integrated into composite structures for the de/anti-icing function, which can be activated if the need arises. The heating is based on the joule effect of the current flowing through the electrically conductive films. Voltage and current parameters have been set based on the generators’ capacities on-board an aircraft and a car, as well as on the energy consumption during the operating conditions and the autonomy in the time. Green processes have been employed through all preparative steps of the films, which are composed of expanded graphite (60% wt/wt) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (40% wt/wt). The results reveal a very significant influence of the aspect ratio of the filler on the heating and de-icing performance and suggest how to enhance the de-icing efficiency saving energy and adapting the current on-board aircraft/car generators for de-icing operations.

Low-voltage driven Ag-Co3O4 textile device for multifunctional air cleaning

2021 ◽  
pp. 130320
Author(s):  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Yexin Zhang ◽  
Linlin Kuang ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Air Cleaning

scholarly journals Research of Modified Atomizers and Their Application for Moistening of Air-Cleaning Device Charges

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5522
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Edita Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Consumption ◽  
Fine Dispersion ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Cleaning Device

The size of sprayed droplets is a very important parameter that influences the operational efficiency of air-cleaning device charges. It is desirable for atomizers to spray droplets that are dispersed as much as technically and economically reasonable and possible. Fine dispersion spraying ensures effective moistening of the air-cleaning device charges, as well as an optimal consumption of water or other liquids. Three modifications of special atomizers were used for experimental analysis. The atomization of liquid and spraying in the special atomizer occurs when two frontal streams confront each other. Frontal streams are formed by an inner shield located in the special atomizer. The experiment was conducted using different spraying pressures, namely: 6 bar, 4 bar, 2 bar. The evaluation (performed using a microscope) of the size of sprayed droplets shows that the best (finest) spraying was by the special atomizer of modification 3. The depth of the channel of the inner shield is the parameter that has the biggest influence on the size of sprayed droplets. The special atomizer of modification 3 produces droplets with the following size distribution and rates: ≤0.05 mm—63.2 vol%; 0.2–0.6 mm—28.3 vol%; 0.6–1.0 mm—8.1 vol%; ≥1.0 mm—0.4 vol%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Bioaerosol Inactivation Ability of Chitosan-Coated Antimicrobial Filters

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7183
Author(s):  
Ying-Fang Hsu ◽  
Chi-Yu Chuang ◽  
Shinhao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Fibrous Filters ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Velocity ◽  
Experimental Findings

This work considers the enhancement of indoor bioaerosol removal efficiency by liquid coating of the antimicrobial agent chitosan onto polypropylene fibrous filters (CCFs). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) were chosen as the tested bioaerosols. The results revealed that 2.5% (w/w) of CCFs have significantly higher bioaerosol survival capability (23% and 34% of E. coli and B. subtilis, respectively), compared to an untreated filter (65% and 64% for E. coli and B. subtilis, respectively). Increasing face velocity and relative humidity during operating CCFs could reduce the bioaerosol removal capability. The regression analysis of the experimental findings demonstrated that the higher coating concentration of chitosan had the most positive influence on bioaerosol removal, while the face velocity and relative humidity had a negative influence, but a milder effect was observed (R2 = 0.83 and 0.81 for E. coli and B. subtilis bioaerosols, respectively). A CCF-loaded air-cleaning device was tested in a real indoor environment and resulted in 80.1% bioaerosol removal within 3 h of operating, which suggests that the chitosan-coated filter has the potential for further application in improving indoor air quality in the future.

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