Injection Timing and Bowl Configuration Effects on In-Cylinder Particle Mass

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pipho ◽  
David B. Kittelson ◽  
Lang Luo ◽  
Darrick D. Zarling
Keyword(s):  
Particle Mass ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Cylinder Particle

Fine Particle Mass Monitoring with Low-Cost Sensors: Corrections and Long-Term Performance Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Malings ◽  
Rebecca Tanzer ◽  
Aliaksei Hauryliuk ◽  
Provat K. Saha ◽  
Allen L. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

scholarly journals Effects of pilot injection timing and EGR on a modern V6 common rail direct injection diesel engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 012008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Rosli Abdullah ◽  
Rizalman Mamat ◽  
Miroslaw L Wyszynski ◽  
Anthanasios Tsolakis ◽  
Hongming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine

scholarly journals Effect of Injection Timing and Injection Duration of Manifold Injected Fuels in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine Operated with Renewable Fuels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4621
Author(s):  
P. A. Harari ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
V. S. Yaliwal ◽  
T. M. Yunus Khan ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Injection Duration ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

In the current work, an effort is made to study the influence of injection timing (IT) and injection duration (ID) of manifold injected fuels (MIF) in the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine. Compressed natural gas (CNG) and compressed biogas (CBG) are used as the MIF along with diesel and blends of Thevetia Peruviana methyl ester (TPME) are used as the direct injected fuels (DIF). The ITs of the MIF that were studied includes 45°ATDC, 50°ATDC, and 55°ATDC. Also, present study includes impact of various IDs of the MIF such as 3, 6, and 9 ms on RCCI mode of combustion. The complete experimental work is conducted at 75% of rated power. The results show that among the different ITs studied, the D+CNG mixture exhibits higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE), about 29.32% is observed at 50° ATDC IT, which is about 1.77, 3.58, 5.56, 7.51, and 8.54% higher than D+CBG, B20+CNG, B20+CBG, B100+CNG, and B100+CBG fuel combinations. The highest BTE, about 30.25%, is found for the D+CNG fuel combination at 6 ms ID, which is about 1.69, 3.48, 5.32%, 7.24, and 9.16% higher as compared with the D+CBG, B20+CNG, B20+CBG, B100+CNG, and B100+CBG fuel combinations. At all ITs and IDs, higher emissions of nitric oxide (NOx) along with lower emissions of smoke, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) are found for D+CNG mixture as related to other fuel mixtures. At all ITs and IDs, D+CNG gives higher In-cylinder pressure (ICP) and heat release rate (HRR) as compared with other fuel combinations.

scholarly journals 260 Effects of iron administration timing on pre-weaning performance and hematological criteria in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Hayden E Williams ◽  
Ryan T Maurer ◽  
Brittany Carrender ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Iron Administration ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
D 20 ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Administration Timing

Abstract Newborn pigs (n=1,892; 1.5 kg BW) were used in a 20-d study evaluating the effects of Fe injection timing after birth on preweaned pig performance and blood criteria. A total of 172 litters were used. One d after farrowing, piglets were weighed, and 11 pigs within each litter were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments in a CRD. Treatments consisted of pigs receiving no Fe injection or 200-mg of injectable Fe (GleptoForte, Ceva Animal Health, Lenexa, KS) provided on d 1, 3, 5, or 7 of age, or 200-mg on d 1 plus 200-mg on d 12. 1 pig/litter received no Fe injection and 2 pigs/litter were placed on all other treatments. Piglets were weighed on d 1 and 20 after birth to determine growth performance and bled on d 20 to determine Fe status. Increasing the age that piglets received the Fe injection tended to decrease (linear; P=0.080) ADG. Not providing an Fe injection decreased (P=0.0001) overall ADG and d 20 BW compared to all other treatments. Hemoglobin and Hct decreased (linear; P< 0.05) with increasing age when pigs received an Fe injection. There was no evidence of differences (P >0.10) between the pigs receiving a 200-mg injection on d 1 and d 12 compared to those receiving the Fe on d 1 only. Pigs not provided an Fe injection had decreased (P=0.0001) Hb and Hct values compared to pigs receiving an Fe injection. Pigs receiving the 200-mg injection on d 1 and 12 had increased (P=0.0001) Hb and Hct values compared to pigs receiving 200-mg on d 1 only. Results suggest that providing a 200-mg Fe injection within 7 d after farrowing is sufficient for optimizing preweaning growth performance. The additional 200-mg Fe injection at d 12 did not influence growth performance but does increase Hb and Hct at weaning.

scholarly journals Kinematic focus point method for particle mass measurements in missing energy events

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doojin Kim ◽  
Konstantin T. Matchev ◽  
Prasanth Shyamsundar
Keyword(s):  
Point Method ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Missing Energy ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Focus Point

scholarly journals Effects of intravitreal injection of siRNA against caspase-2 on retinal and optic nerve degeneration in air blast induced ocular trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe N. Thomas ◽  
Alexandra Bernardo-Colón ◽  
Ella Courtie ◽  
Gareth Essex ◽  
Tonia S. Rex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy ◽  
Caspase 2

AbstractOcular repeated air blast injuries occur from low overpressure blast wave exposure, which are often repeated and in quick succession. We have shown that caspase-2 caused the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) after blunt ocular trauma. Here, we investigated if caspase-2 also mediates RGC apoptosis in a mouse model of air blast induced indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (b-ITON). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to repeated blasts of overpressure air (3 × 2 × 15 psi) and intravitreal injections of siRNA against caspase-2 (siCASP2) or against a control enhanced green fluorescent protein (siEGFP) at either 5 h after the first 2 × 15 psi (“post-blast”) or 48 h before the first blast exposure (“pre-blast”) and repeated every 7 days. RGC counts were unaffected by the b-ITON or intravitreal injections, despite increased degenerating ON axons, even in siCASP2 “post-blast” injection groups. Degenerating ON axons remained at sham levels after b-ITON and intravitreal siCASP2 “pre-blast” injections, but with less degenerating axons in siCASP2 compared to siEGFP-treated eyes. Intravitreal injections “post-blast” caused greater vitreous inflammation, potentiated by siCASP2, with less in “pre-blast” injected eyes, which was abrogated by siCASP2. We conclude that intravitreal injection timing after ocular trauma induced variable retinal and ON pathology, undermining our candidate neuroprotective therapy, siCASP2.

scholarly journals A Numerical Study on the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Marine Engine at Full Load

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Van Chien Pham ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Beom-Seok Rho ◽  
Jun-Soo Kim ◽  
Kyunam Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Marine Engine ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents research on the combustion and emission characteristics of a four-stroke Natural gas–Diesel dual-fuel marine engine at full load. The AVL FIRE R2018a (AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria) simulation software was used to conduct three-dimensional simulations of the combustion process and emission formations inside the engine cylinder in both diesel and dual-fuel mode to analyze the in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and emission characteristics. The simulation results were then compared and showed a good agreement with the measured values reported in the engine’s shop test technical data. The simulation results showed reductions in the in-cylinder pressure and temperature peaks by 1.7% and 6.75%, while NO, soot, CO, and CO2 emissions were reduced up to 96%, 96%, 86%, and 15.9%, respectively, in the dual-fuel mode in comparison with the diesel mode. The results also show better and more uniform combustion at the late stage of the combustions inside the cylinder when operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode. Analyzing the emission characteristics and the engine performance when the injection timing varies shows that, operating the engine in the dual-fuel mode with an injection timing of 12 crank angle degrees before the top dead center is the best solution to reduce emissions while keeping the optimal engine power.

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