Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Design Options and Evaluations

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Design Options

Optimal Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Design and Allocation for Minimum Life Cycle Cost, Petroleum Consumption, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau ◽  
Nikhil Kaushal ◽  
Chris T. Hendrickson ◽  
Scott B. Peterson ◽  
Jay F. Whitacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology has the potential to reduce operating cost, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and petroleum consumption in the transportation sector. However, the net effects of PHEVs depend critically on vehicle design, battery technology, and charging frequency. To examine these implications, we develop an optimization model integrating vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving data. The model identifies optimal vehicle designs and allocation of vehicles to drivers for minimum net life cycle cost, GHG emissions, and petroleum consumption under a range of scenarios. We compare conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to PHEVs with equivalent size and performance (similar to a Toyota Prius) under urban driving conditions. We find that while PHEVs with large battery packs minimize petroleum consumption, a mix of PHEVs with packs sized for ∼25–50 miles of electric travel under the average U.S. grid mix (or ∼35–60 miles under decarbonized grid scenarios) produces the greatest reduction in life cycle GHG emissions. Life cycle cost and GHG emissions are minimized using high battery swing and replacing batteries as needed, rather than designing underutilized capacity into the vehicle with corresponding production, weight, and cost implications. At 2008 average U.S. energy prices, Li-ion battery pack costs must fall below $590/kW h at a 5% discount rate or below $410/kW h at a 10% rate for PHEVs to be cost competitive with HEVs. Carbon allowance prices offer little leverage for improving cost competitiveness of PHEVs. PHEV life cycle costs must fall to within a few percent of HEVs in order to offer a cost-effective approach to GHG reduction.

Vehicle Design Analysis and Validation for the Equinox REVLSE E85 Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Boyd ◽  
Kurt Johnson ◽  
Dustin Sheffield ◽  
Irene Berry ◽  
Erin Hissong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Vehicle Design and Implementation of a Series-Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Manning ◽  
Eli White ◽  
Kyle Caroncino ◽  
Taylor Ashworth ◽  
Brian Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Hybrid Electric
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