Fuel Economy: Impacts of the CAFE Standard

This study estimated the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) and CAFE targets of Japan’s domestic automobile manufacturers and evaluated whether manufactures have achieved these estimated CAFE targets. Furthermore, an analysis framework was proposed for estimating what impact the introduction of the CAFE standards in Japan will have on motor vehicle-derived lifecycle CO2 emissions. As a result, the following was found: (1) Automobile manufacturers can maximize their sales under the constraints of the CAFE standards, but vehicle sales plans based on sales maximization will lower their CAFE standard scores. (2) Economically optimal automobile manufacturer behavior—striving to achieve CAFE standards while maximizing sales—will increase the manufacturers’ overall carbon footprint and actually worsen the environment.

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Microstructure of an extruded rapidly solidified Al-8Fe-2Mo alloy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100144218 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 548-549

Author(s):

W. T. Donlon ◽

J. E. Allison ◽

S. Shinozaki

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Automotive Industry ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

High Strength ◽

Al Alloys ◽

Light Weight ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Strength And Durability ◽

Rapidly Solidified ◽

Whitney Aircraft

Light weight materials which possess high strength and durability are being utilized by the automotive industry to increase fuel economy. Rapidly solidified (RS) Al alloys are currently being extensively studied for this purpose. In this investigation the microstructure of an extruded Al-8Fe-2Mo alloy, produced by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, Goverment Products Div. was examined in a JE0L 2000FX AEM. Both electropolished thin sections, and extraction replicas were examined to characterize this material. The consolidation procedure for producing this material included a 9:1 extrusion at 340°C followed by a 16:1 extrusion at 400°C, utilizing RS powders which have also been characterized utilizing electron microscopy.

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