Improvements in Bearing Steel Cleanliness and the Effect on Integral Wheel Bearing Systems

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan S. Tayeh ◽  
Helmut R. Woehrle
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Steel Cleanliness ◽  
Wheel Bearing

Investigation on the control of multiphase flow behavior in a continuous casting tundish during ladle change

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Haitao Ling ◽  
Haijun Wang ◽  
Lizhong Chang ◽  
Shengtao Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Rolled Strip ◽  
Impact Zone ◽  
Steel Cleanliness ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Slag Carry Over ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Turbulence Inhibitor ◽  
The Impact

The transient multiphase flow behavior in a single-strand tundish during ladle change was studied using physical modeling. The water and silicon oil were employed to simulate the liquid steel and slag. The effect of the turbulence inhibitor on the slag entrainment and the steel exposure during ladle change were evaluated and discussed. The effect of the slag carry-over on the water-oil-air flow was also analyzed. For the original tundish, the top oil phase in the impact zone was continuously dragged into the tundish bath and opened during ladle change, forming an emulsification phenomenon. By decreasing the liquid velocities in the upper part of the impact zone, the turbulence inhibitor decreased considerably the amount of entrained slag and the steel exposure during ladle change, thereby eliminating the emulsification phenomenon. Furthermore, the use of the TI-2 effectively lowered the effect of the slag carry-over on the steel cleanliness by controlling the movement of slag droplets. The results from industrial trials indicated that the application of the TI-2 reduced considerably the number of linear inclusions caused by ladle change in hot-rolled strip coils.

Spray-Formed Bearing Steel with High Oxide Cleanliness and Small and Fine Dispersed Inclusions*

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schulz ◽  
W. Trojahn ◽  
C. Meyer ◽  
V. Uhlenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Dispersed Inclusions

Effects of structural inhomogeneities on the steel balls resistance to loading

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
O. B. Berdnik ◽  
I. N. Tsareva ◽  
L. A. Krivina ◽  
S. V. Kirikov ◽  
S. I. Gerasimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Steel Shkh15 ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
High Shock ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Plasticity Coefficient ◽  
Microstructure Of The Material

When conducting impact tests of protective glasses, nonunique cases of destruction of balls made of bearing steel ShKh15 were recorded. The causes of their destruction were determined. The state of the material was studied by fractographic and metallographic analysis, hardness and microhardness measurement. In the structure of the metal of all the balls, no critical defects were found such as flockens, shells and microcracks, but adverse factors were detected in the microstructure of the material, namely, the presence of fineneedle martensite with excessive carbides. It is established that the detected structural factors lead to liability to brittle fracture, an increase in the hardness of the material, a decrease in plasticity. To prevent brittle fracture of the balls and provide a reserve of plasticity of steel ShKh15 at high shock loads assessment calculations of ductility coefficient were made; and it was recommended to limit the maximum hardness of the material critical value HV=5.70 HPa (54 HRC), with the corresponding plasticity coefficient equal to 0.8.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document