Brake Force Control and Distribution in Passenger Cars, Today and in the Future

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Christof Klein
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Future ◽  
Brake Force

Force Controlled Manipulation of Biological Cells Using a Monolithic MEMS Based Nano-Micro Gripper

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Abbasi ◽  
M. T. Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Matlab Software ◽  
Micro Gripper ◽  
The Future ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

Nano-micro grippers are able to pick-transport-place the micro or nanometer–sized materials, such as manipulation of biological cells or DNA molecules in a liquid medium. This paper proposes a novel monolithic nano-micro gripper structure with two axis piezoresistive force sensor which its resolution is under nanoNewton. The results of the study have been obtained by the simulation of the proposed gripper structure in Matlab software. Motion of the gripper arm is produced by a voice coil actuator. The behavior of the cell has been derived using the assumptions in the literatures. Moreover, two simple PID controllers, one for control of the gripper motion and another for control of the force during manipulation of a biologic cell, have been implemented. Although the proposed gripper has not been fabricated, since the geometrical dimensions of the proposed gripper is the same as previously developed electrothermally actuated micro-nano gripper, the results of force control have been also compared with it. The simulated results with the very simple PID force controller which has a more rapid response than previously developed electrothermally actuated micro-nano gripper show that the designed gripper has the potential to be considered and fabricated for manipulation of biological cells in the future.

scholarly journals Influence of Increasing Electrification of Passenger Vehicle Fleet on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Lajunen ◽  
Klaus Kivekäs ◽  
Jari Vepsäläinen ◽  
Kari Tammi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Fleet

Different estimations have been presented for the amount of electric vehicles in the future. These estimations rarely take into account any realistic dynamics of the vehicle fleet. The objective of this paper is to analyze recently presented future scenarios about the passenger vehicle fleet estimations and create a foundation for the development of a fleet estimation model for passenger cars dedicated to the Finnish vehicle market conditions. The specific conditions of the Finnish light-duty vehicle fleet are taken into account as boundary conditions for the model development. The fleet model can be used for the estimation of emissions-optimal future vehicle fleets and the evaluation of the carbon dioxide emissions of transportation. The emission analysis was done for four different scenarios of the passenger vehicle fleet development in Finland. The results show that the high average age of the fleet and high number of older gasoline vehicles will slow down the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions during the next five to ten years even with a high adoption rate of electric vehicles. It can be concluded that lowering the average age, increasing biofuel mixing ratios, and increasing the amount of rechargeable electric vehicles are the most effective measures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of the Finnish passenger vehicle fleet in the future.

FINGERTIP STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS–A SIMULATED DESIGN EVALUATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaafar, J. ◽  
Shauri, R. L. A.
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
External Force ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Robot Hand ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
The Future

This paper discusses the result on structural analysis of a recently designed fingertip for a three-fingered robot hand. This analysis is necessary to understand the structural changes occur under certain range of external force acting on the fingertip. The key parameters to be observed are deformation and equivalent (von-misses) stress. These simulated tests had given good results since there was no permanent deformation occurred and no yielding happened even in the area that had been considered critical. The fingertip will be produced as a prototype and equipped with the miniature load cells for force control of the three-fingered robot hand in the future. 

scholarly journals Characterization and Study of the Primitive Dynamic Movements Required to Bi-Manipulate a Box

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354
Author(s):  
J. Hernandez-Vicen ◽  
S. Martinez ◽  
R. de Santos-Rico ◽  
Elisabeth Menendez ◽  
C. Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
The Real ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
The Future ◽  
End Effectors

Automating the action of finding the opening side of a box is not possible if the robot is not capable of reaching and evaluating all of its sides. To achieve this goal, in this paper, three different movement strategies to bi-manipulate a box are studied: overturning, lifting, and spinning it over a surface. First of all, the dynamics involved in each of the three movement strategies are studied using physics equations. Then, a set of experiments are conducted to determine if the real response of the humanoid robot, TEO, to a box is consistent with the expected answer based on theoretical calculus. After the dynamics validation, the information on the forces and the position in the end effectors is used to characterize these movements and create its primitives. These primitive movements will be used in the future to design a hybrid position–force control in order to adapt the movements to different kinds of boxes. The structure of this control is also presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle emissions from gasoline vehicles DI & MPI

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Jan CZERWINSKI ◽  
Pierre COMTE ◽  
Martin GUEDEL ◽  
Peter BONSACK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
The Future ◽  
Actual Limit

The nanoparticles (NP) count concentrations are limited in EU for all Diesel passenger cars since 2013 and for gasoline cars with direct injection (GDI) since 2014. For the particle number (PN) of MPI gasoline cars there are still no legal limitations. In the present paper some results of investigations of nanoparticles from five DI and four MPI gasoline cars are represented. The measurements were performed at vehicle tailpipe and in CVS-tunnel. Moreover, five variants of “vehicle – GPF” were investigated. The PN-emission level of the investigated GDI cars in WLTC without GPF is in the same range of magnitude very near to the actual limit value of 6.0 × 10^12 1/km. With the GPF’s with better filtration quality, it is possible to lower the emissions below the future limit value of 6.0 × 10^11 1/km. The modern MPI vehicles also emit a considerable amount of PN, which in some cases can attain the level of Diesel exhaust gas without DPF and can pass over the actual limit value for GDI (6.0 × 10^12 1/km). The GPF-technology offers in this respect further potentials to reduce the PN-emissions of traffic.

scholarly journals The Low Emission Gas Turbine Passenger Car: What Does the Future Hold?

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Nagey ◽  
P. Mykolenko ◽  
M. E. Naylor ◽  
F. J. Verkemp
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fundamental Design

This paper reviews the potential of the gas turbine as a low emission engine for passenger cars. State-of-the-art emission levels for turbines are identified together with the causes for the typically high levels of NOx that are encountered. Laboratory solutions for reduced NOx are discussed and some of the recent GM accomplishments defined. Fundamental design criteria for low emission combustors are identified. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the problems remaining in the area of combustors for which solutions must be found before the gas turbine engine can be considered for general use.

Design and Simulation of Space Deformable-Contact-Surface-Based End Effector

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 1166-1171
Author(s):  
Huang Ran ◽  
Qian Xiang Zhou ◽  
Zhong Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Surface ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Matlab Software ◽  
End Effector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Future

It is common to use space arm for maintaining and assembling. The major technology problems to solve first are the deformability, the soft and tightening contact with the target. Use ER as the contactor of end effector which is learned from the space station end effector can overcome many problems, as the poor location precision and uncontainable attitude which is bring by the big space arm. The design of multi-DOF Deformable-Contact-Surface-Based shape adaptive end effector is introduced in this text. The simulation result by Matlab software proves the design not only can tight connect the target, but also can suppress vibration and meet the precise demand of location, precise force control and deformability. It can meet the multi-mission in the future.

scholarly journals Menorca is the island of the future-unical project in the field of electromobility

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Jaromir Mysłowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The Future

The article discusses the unique project on global scale and supported by UNESCO to carry out a total change of vehicle power sources, i.e. 100% electromobility. The place of implementation of the project is Menorca, an outcrop in the Balearic archipelago. He predicts that in a few years any means of transport: motorcycles, passenger cars, buses, ships, hydrofoils will have electric engines and energy will be provided by a local power plant. Many NGOs and companies have high hopes for successful implementation, treating this bold challenge as a test of technical and organizational capabilities.

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