Effect of Operating Conditions on the Particulates from a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Richard ◽  
Deighton Simpson ◽  
Barbara Mary Andon ◽  
William George Thilly ◽  
Joe Merrill Rife
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Cylinder

Simulation of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Under Cold Start Conditions Using Simulink

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Q. Liu ◽  
N. G. Chalhoub ◽  
N. Henein
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Model ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Engine Components

A nonlinear dynamic model is developed in this study to simulate the overall performance of a naturally aspirated, single cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine under cold start and fully warmed-up conditions. The model considers the filling and emptying processes of the cylinder, blowby, intake, and exhaust manifolds. A single zone combustion model is implemented and the heat transfer in the cylinder, intake, and exhaust manifolds are accounted for. Moreover, the derivations include the dynamics of the crank-slider mechanism and employ an empirical model to estimate the instantaneous frictional losses in different engine components. The formulation is coded in modular form whereby each module, which represents a single process in the engine, is introduced as a single block in an overall Simulink engine model. The numerical accuracy of the Simulink model is verified by comparing its results to those generated by integrating the engine formulation using IMSL stiff integration routines. The engine model is validated by the close match between the predicted and measured cylinder gas pressure and engine instantaneous speed under motoring, steady-state, and transient cold start operating conditions.

Impact of Intake Induced Swirl on Combustion and Emissions on a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Barrientos ◽  
Ivan Bortel ◽  
Michal Takats ◽  
Jiri Vavra
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Optimal Values

Engine induced swirl improves mixing of fuel and air and at optimal values accelerates burn, improves the combustion stability and can decrease particulate matter (PM). However, swirl increases convective heat loss and cylinder charge loss and could increase nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. High intensity of swirl could impede flame development and increases emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, careful and smart selection of optimal swirl values is paramount in order to obtain beneficial impact on combustion and emissions performance. This study is conducted on a 0.5L single cylinder research engine with common rail (CR) diesel injection system, with parameters corresponding to modern engines of passenger cars. The engine has three separate ports in the cylinder head. The change of swirl ratio is defined by closing appropriate ports. There are three levels of swirl ratio under study — 1.7, 2.9 and 4.5, corresponding to low, medium and high swirl levels respectively. This study highlights the influence of intake induced swirl on combustion parameters and emissions. Assessed combustion parameters are, among others, heat release rate, cylinder pressure rise and indicated mean effective pressure. Assessed emissions are standard gaseous emissions and smoke, with emphasis on PM emissions. An engine speed of 1500 rpm was selected, which well represents common driving conditions of this engine size. Various common rail pressures are used at ambient inlet manifold pressure (without boost pressure) and at 1 bar boosted pressure mode. It is found that when the swirl level is increased, the faster heat release during the premixed combustion and during early diffusion-controlled combustion causes a quick increase in both in-cylinder pressure and temperature, thus promoting the formation of NOx. However, since swirl enhances mixing and potentially produces a leaning effect, PM formation is reduced in general. However, maximum peak temperature is lower for high swirl ratio and boosted modes due to the increase of heat transfer into cylinder walls. Furthermore, it is necessary to find optimal values of common rail pressures and swirl ratio. Too much mixing allows increase on PM, THC and CO emissions without decrease on NOx emissions in general. Common rail injection system provides enough energy to achieve good mixing during all the injection time in the cases of supercharged modes and high common rail pressure modes. Positive influence of swirl ratio is found at lower boost pressures, lower revolution levels and at lower engine loads. The results obtained here help providing a better understanding on the swirl effects on diesel engine combustion and exhaust emissions over a range of engine operating conditions, with the ultimate goal of finding optimal values of swirl operation.

scholarly journals Effect of Aluminium Oxide Nano Additive on Diesel along with Gasoline Fumigation in Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamilvanan A ◽  
◽  
Bharathiraja M ◽  
Balamurugan K ◽  
Sasikumar C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Fumigation ◽  
Working Parameters

The present investigation mainly focuses on overcoming the limitations of gasoline fumigation (GF) in diesel engines by adding up nano fuel additives. Experiments are conducted to ascertain the engine working characteristics in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine using aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nano additives blended diesel as the main injection fuel along with GF as an inducted fuel. GF was achieved by controlling the electronic injector fitted at the intake manifold using open ECU software. Fuel map for GF was determined based on experiments with three divergent fumigation rates of 10%, 20%, and 30% based on energy consumption and optimized using the design of experiments. The optimization results showed 10% fumigation resulted in better performance and emission characteristics and it is selected for this present investigation. Fumigation results showed a decrease in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at low and medium loads; increase at high loads.The two different mass fractions of 25 ppm and 50 ppm Al2O3 nano liquid are blended with diesel. Compared to GF with diesel, GF along with 25 and 50ppm Al2O3 nano additives blended diesel showed an increased BTE, maximum in-cylinder pressure, cumulative heat release rate; and reduced smoke opacity, CO, and unburned HC emissions at overall operating conditions. As the dosage level of Al2O3 increases from 25 to 50 ppm results in further enhancement of all working parameters except NOx emission. Finally, the addition of an Al2O3 nano additive is a suitable solution to overcome the limitations of GF in the CI engine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of thermal barrier coatings and surface roughness in a single-cylinder light-duty diesel engine

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741987583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop Somhorst ◽  
Michael Oevermann ◽  
Mirko Bovo ◽  
Ingemar Denbratt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Thermal Barrier Coatings ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Light Duty

The effect of two thermal barrier coatings and their surface roughness on heat transfer, combustion, and emissions has been investigated in a single-cylinder light-duty diesel engine. The evaluated thermal barrier coating materials were plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia and hard anodized aluminum, which were applied on the piston top surface. The main tool for the investigation was cylinder pressure analysis of the high-pressure cycle, from which the apparent rate of heat release, indicated efficiency, and heat losses were derived. For verification of the calculated wall heat transfer, the heat flow to the piston cooling oil was measured as well. Application of thermal barrier coatings can influence engine operating conditions like charge temperature and ignition delay. Therefore, extra attention was paid to choosing stable and repeatable engine operating points. The experimental data were modeled using multiple linear regression to isolate the effects of the coatings and of the surface roughness. The results from this study show that high surface roughness leads to increased wall heat losses and a delayed combustion. However, these effects are less pronounced at lower engine loads and in the presence of soot deposits. Both thermal barrier coatings show a reduction of cycle-averaged wall heat losses, but no improvement in indicated efficiency. The surface roughness and thermal barrier coatings had a significant impact on the hydrocarbon emissions, especially for low-load engine operation, while their effect on the other exhaust emissions was relatively small.

Spray and Soot Formation Analysis by Means of a Quasi-Dimensional Multizone Model in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine under Euro 4 Operating Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2050-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Finesso ◽  
Ezio Spessa ◽  
Ezio Mancaruso ◽  
Luigi Sequino ◽  
Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Multizone Model

Simplified Method for Fuel Quality Prediction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Sivaraman ◽  
Sridhar Ranganathan ◽  
Shashank Tangirala ◽  
G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Quality Rating

The objective of this work is to compare the quality of various diesel fuels using a normal engine and carrying out the test under the actual operating conditions of the engine, unlike the conventional test methods that uses standard test conditions. The standard test conditions involve the running of the diesel engine test rig at a speed of around 800 rpm, which is not the condition when the fuel is actually being used, as the operational speed of commercial engines is around 1500–2000 rpm. Also the non-engine based quality rating methods are not economically liable and are inaccurate as they depend too much on the chemical nature of the fuel. So, the objective of this work is to develop a generalized quality rating procedure with less number of parameters, with a simpler and cheaper method compared to other available methods. A single cylinder diesel engine was used to study the ignition quality of various reference fuels of known Cetane numbers. A relatively simple and compact setup was used, by modifying the existing test rig. The inlet manifold was incorporated with an airflow control valve so that the quantity of air let into the cylinder can be varied. The exhaust gas manifold was modified to enable easier observation of the exhaust gas. The single cylinder diesel engine was made to run at two distinct conditions, namely, the normal and white-puff / critical condition, with the reference fuels of known cetane numbers. The quantity of air available for the fuel to combust is the only difference between the two conditions. The air-fuel ratio of each fuel under both the conditions was continuously monitored. A correlation was developed between the critical air-fuel ratios and the corresponding Cetane numbers. From this correlation, a test fuel can be rated easily by finding the air-fuel ratio, by running it in the same engine at an identical load, at an instant when the “white puff” is observed.

scholarly journals Combustion Model and Control Parameter Optimization Methods for Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Wahono ◽  
Harutoshi Ogai
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

This research presents a method to construct a combustion model and a method to optimize some control parameters of diesel engine in order to develop a model-based control system. The construction purpose of the model is to appropriately manage some control parameters to obtain the values of fuel consumption and emission as the engine output objectives. Stepwise method considering multicollinearity was applied to construct combustion model with the polynomial model. Using the experimental data of a single cylinder diesel engine, the model of power, BSFC,NOx, and soot on multiple injection diesel engines was built. The proposed method succesfully developed the model that describes control parameters in relation to the engine outputs. Although many control devices can be mounted to diesel engine, optimization technique is required to utilize this method in finding optimal engine operating conditions efficiently beside the existing development of individual emission control methods. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to calculate control parameters to optimize fuel consumption and emission based on the model. The proposed method is able to calculate control parameters efficiently to optimize evaluation item based on the model. Finally, the model which added PSO then was compiled in a microcontroller.

Effect of Al2O3 and SiO2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Blended with POME on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6859-6873 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Adzmi ◽  
A. Abdullah ◽  
Z. Abdullah ◽  
A. G. Mrwan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Co Addition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Test Fuel

Evaluation of combustion characteristic, engine performances and exhaust emissions of nanoparticles blended in palm oil methyl ester (POME) was conducted in this experiment using a single-cylinder diesel engine. Nanoparticles used was aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a portion of 50 ppm and 100 ppm. SiO2 and Al2O3 were blended in POME and labelled as PS50, PS100 and PA50, PA100, respectively. The data results for PS and PA fuel were compared to POME test fuel. Single cylinder diesel engine YANMAR TF120M attached with DEWESoft data acquisition module (DAQ) model SIRIUSi-HS was used in this experiment. Various engine loads of zero, 7 N.m, 14 Nm, 21 N.m and 28 N.m at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm were applied during engine testing. Results for each fuel were obtained by calculating the average three times repetition of engine testing. Findings show that the highest maximum pressure of nanoparticles fuel increase by 16.3% compared to POME test fuel. Other than that, the engine peak torque and engine power show a significant increase by 43% and 44%, respectively, recorded during the PS50 fuel test. Meanwhile, emissions of nanoparticles fuel show a large decrease by 10% of oxide of nitrogen (NOx), 6.3% reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a slight decrease of 0.02% on carbon monoxide (CO). Addition of nanoparticles in biodiesel show positive improvements when used in diesel engines and further details were discussed.  

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