Proposal for a Thorax Tolerance Level in Side Impacts Based on 62 Tests Performed With Cadavers Having Known Bone Condition

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sacreste ◽  
F. Brun-Cassan ◽  
A. Fayon ◽  
C. Tarrière ◽  
C. Got ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Bone Condition

Herbicide Tolerance Of Transgenic `Stevens' Cranberry Plants Depends on the Test Environment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 517a-517
Author(s):  
Eric L. Zeldin ◽  
Rodney A. Serres ◽  
Brent H. McCown
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Delayed Growth ◽  
Significant Injury

`Stevens' cranberry was genetically engineered to confer tolerance to the broad spectrum herbicide glufosinate. Initially, herbicide tolerance was verified by spraying greenhouse plants with the commercial formulation Liberty. Although one transformant showed significant tolerance, the tolerance level was below that required to kill goldenrod, a common weed of cranberry beds. This transformant was propagated and the plants established outdoors in a coldframe, yielding a growth form more typical of field-grown plants than that of greenhouse-grown plants. These plants, as well as untransformed cranberry and goldenrod plants, were sprayed with various levels of the herbicide. The transformed plants were not killed at glufosinate concentrations up to 1000 ppm, although delayed growth did occur. Some runner tip injury was observed at 500 ppm as well as widespread shoot tip death at higher levels. The above-ground parts of goldenrod plants were killed at 400 ppm with significant injury at 200 ppm. Untransformed cranberry plants were killed at 300 ppm and had extensive tip death even at 100 ppm. Transformed cranberry plants with confirmed “field” tolerance were re-established in the greenhouse and new vegetative growth was forced. When these plants were sprayed with glufosinate, significant shoot tip injury was observed at levels as low as 100 ppm. The degree of herbicide tolerance of transformed cranberry appears to be modulated by the growth environment, which may affect the expression of the inserted genes or the physiological sensitivity of the impacted tissues.

scholarly journals Functional Traits of Olive Varieties and Their Relationship with the Tolerance Level towards Verticillium Wilt

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Martina Cardoni ◽  
Jesús Mercado-Blanco ◽  
Rafael Villar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Olive Varieties

Verticillium wilt of olive (VWO), caused by the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is considered one of the most important diseases affecting this tree crop. One of the best VWO management measures is the use of tolerant cultivars. Remarkably, no information is available about olive functional traits and their potential relationship with tolerance to V. dahliae. Twenty-five selected functional traits (for leaf, stem, root and whole plant) were evaluated in six olive varieties differing in their VWO tolerance level to identify possible links between this phenotype and functional traits’ variation. High intervarietal diversity was found among cultivars and several functional traits were related with VWO tolerance. Tolerant varieties showed higher leaf area, dry matter content (leaf, stem and plant) and mass fraction for stems, but lower for leaves. Significant differences were also detected for root functional traits, tolerant cultivars displaying larger fine root diameter and lignin content but smaller specific length and area of thick and fine roots. Correlations were found among functional traits both within varieties and between levels of tolerance/susceptibility to VWO. Associations were observed between biomass allocation, dry matter content and VWO tolerance. The most relevant difference between tolerant and susceptible cultivars was related to root system architecture.

scholarly journals Geographic sharing of ribotype patterns in Enterococcus faecalis for bacterial source tracking

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Hartel ◽  
Robin L. Kuntz ◽  
Karen Rodgers ◽  
Samuel P. Myoda ◽  
Kerry J. Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Bacterial Source Tracking

The limited host range of Enterococcus faecalis may reduce its clonal diversity and thereby increase its geographic sharing of ribotype patterns. Such sharing would be advantageous for bacterial source tracking (BST). We determined the geographic sharing of ribotype patterns in 752 Ent. faecalis isolates obtained primarily from wastewater treatment plants in Delaware (15 locations; 490 isolates), Georgia (2 locations; 48 isolates), Idaho (1 location; 118 isolates), New York (2 locations; 48 isolates), and Puerto Rico (2 locations; 48 isolates). Isolates were ribotyped with a RiboPrinter. When pooled across all locations and analyzed at a similarity index of 100% and a tolerance level of 1.00%, the 752 Ent. faecalis isolates yielded 652 different ribotypes, of which 429 (66%) were unshared. Even when the matching criterion was relaxed by decreasing the tolerance level from 1% to 10% or lowering the similarity cutoff from 100% to 90%, half or almost half of the ribotypes were unshared. A Mantel test of zero correlation showed no statistically significant correlation between ribotype patterns and geographic distance among the 32 samples (one location at one time) at either the 1.00% (P = 0.91) or 10.00% (P = 0.83) tolerance levels. Therefore, the percentage of ribotype patterns shared between two locations did not increase as the distance between locations decreased. In the case of BST, a permanent host origin database sufficiently large to encompass these ribotype patterns would be time-consuming and expensive to construct.

scholarly journals Regenerating Critical Size Rat Segmental Bone Defects with a Self‐Healing Hybrid Nanocomposite Hydrogel: Effect of Bone Condition and BMP‐2 Incorporation

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100088
Author(s):  
Claire I. A. Houdt ◽  
Marianne K. E. Koolen ◽  
Paula M. Lopez‐Perez ◽  
Dietmar J. O. Ulrich ◽  
John A. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Size ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Segmental Bone ◽  
Bone Condition ◽  
Segmental Bone Defects

Development, Evaluation, and Sensitivity Analysis of Parametric Finite Element Whole-Body Human Models in Side Impacts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjoo Hwang ◽  
Jingwen Hu ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Katelyn F. Klein ◽  
Carl S. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Human Models ◽  
Development Evaluation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Methods to Detect Fruit Infected by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi in Mechanically Harvested Rabbiteye Blueberry

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
W. E. Copes
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Symptom Assessment ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Visual Symptom ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Relative Errors

Blueberry fruit infected by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (causal agent of mummy berry disease) are unfit for processing because of the formation of hardened structures (pseudosclerotia) within them. In commercial packinghouses in Georgia, fruit loads exceeding the tolerance level for mummy berry are appraised at lower quality grades, resulting in severe economic penalties to producers. Two methods to detect and enumerate mummy berry in blueberry loads were evaluated in the laboratory using fruit samples with known numbers of infected fruit. The first method involved destructive processing of the samples in a blender. The resulting blueberry puree was passed through a series of screens and the number of pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi retained on the screens assessed tactilely. The second method consisted of visual symptom assessment of intact fruit. Bias and coefficients of variation of the blender method in five experiments ranged from -63.0 to 152.4% and 6.9 to 44.1%, respectively, indicating that the method was inaccurate and imprecise. Several factors probably contributed to its poor performance, including the formation of multiple fragments from single pseudosclerotia during blending and subjectivity in the tactile assessment of pseudosclerotia. Bias and coefficients of variation of the visual assessment method in four experiments ranged from -3.41 to 1.97% and 1.16 to 5.17%, respectively. Thus, the visual method was considerably more accurate and more precise than the blender method. Visual assessment was further evaluated under commercial packinghouse conditions, with >70,000 fruit assessed individually for symptoms of mummy berry and other abnormalities. Bias ranged from -11.1 to 33.3%, indicating that visual assessment was less accurate under packinghouse conditions than under laboratory conditions. This was due to the low number of infected fruit encountered in most of the loads, which resulted in large relative errors if only a single fruit was misidentified. In a two-year packinghouse survey, a high incidence of partial infection, together with successional variations in discoloration of infected portions of the fruit as the harvest season progressed, resulted in a greater variation of mummy berry symptoms than previously described.

scholarly journals Exercise tolerance and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Ivan Cekerevac ◽  
Zorica Lazic ◽  
Ljiljana Novkovic ◽  
Marina Petrovic ◽  
Vojislav Cupurdija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Lung Hyperinflation ◽  
Copd Patients

Background/Aim. Peripheral muscle weakness and nutritional disorders, firstly loss of body weight, are common findings in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of pulmonary function parameters, nutritional status and state of peripheral skeletal muscles on exercise tolerance and development of dyspnea in COPD patients. Methods. Thirty COPD patients in stable state of disease were analyzed. Standard pulmonary function tests, including spirometry, body pletysmography, and measurements of diffusion capacity were performed. The 6-minute walking distance test (6MWD) was done in order to assess exercise tolerance. Level of dyspnea was measured with Borg scale. In all patients midthigh muscle cross-sectional area (MTCSA) was measured by computerized tomography scan. Nutritional status of patients was estimated according to body mass index (BMI). Results. Statistically significant correlations were found between parameters of pulmonary function and exercise tolerance. Level of airflow limitation and lung hyperinflation had significant impact on development of dyspnea at rest and especially after exercise. Significant positive correlation was found between MTCSA and exercise tolerance. Patients with more severe airflow limitation, lung hyperinflation and reduced diffusion capacity had significantly lower MTCSA. Conclusion. Exercise tolerance in COPD patients depends on severity of bronchoobstruction, lung hyperinflation and MTCSA. Severity of bronchoobstruction and lung hyperinflation have significant impact on dyspnea level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document