An Evaluation of Alternative Power Sources for Low-Emission Automobiles

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Bjerklie ◽  
Elton J. Cairns ◽  
Charles W. Tobias ◽  
David Gordon Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Power Sources ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Alternative Power

Evaluation of the CO2 emission from motor vehicles in the context of sustainable transport development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Wiśniowski ◽  
Anna Borucka ◽  
Maciej Menes ◽  
Andrzej Świderski
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
Production And Operation

Greenhouse gases emission is an important element in the development of the automotive industry. The unceasing trend of reducing the negative impact of vehicles on the environment is a determinant of setting directions for the improvement of their production and operation. One of the solutions in this regard are low-emission vehicles. However, this area requires continuous research and analyses, the results of which are partially presented in this article. The aim of the study was to evaluate the CO2 emission from the selected types of vehicles as in traffic driving, measured based on the standardised type-approval tests. This method allows to easily reproduce the obtained results, reliably compare and also extend it with further tests in a completely independent manner. The CO2 emission in the production process of the vehicle and its fuel, was also evaluated. It was assumed (research hypothesis) that CO2 emission changes significantly with the development of production technology and the use of various vehicle power sources. Based on their own research, the authors also analysed the feasibility/reliability of the assumptions about the benefits associated with emissions, obtained by replacing the classic vehicle with the hydrogen one. They estimated the time and intensity of using a hydrogen-powered vehicle that guarantees a benefit in terms of CO2 emissions compared to a conventional vehicle.

scholarly journals Hollow Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers for Energy Harvesting Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800
Author(s):  
François M. Guillot ◽  
Haskell W. Beckham ◽  
Johannes Leisen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Electromechanical Performance ◽  
Alternative Power

In the past few years, the growing need for alternative power sources has generated considerable interest in the field of energy harvesting. A particularly exciting possibility within that field is the development of fabrics capable of harnessing mechanical energy and delivering electrical power to sensors and wearable devices. This study presents an evaluation of the electromechanical performance of hollow lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers as the basis for the construction of such fabrics. The fibers feature individual polymer claddings surrounding electrodes directly deposited onto both inside and outside ceramic surfaces. This configuration optimizes the amount of electrical energy available by placing the electrodes in direct contact with the surface of the material and by maximizing the active piezoelectric volume. Hollow fibers were electroded, encapsulated in a polymer cladding, poled and characterized in terms of their electromechanical properties. They were then glued to a vibrating cantilever beam equipped with a strain gauge, and their energy harvesting performance was measured. It was found that the fibers generated twice as much energy density as commercial state-of-the-art flexible composite sensors. Finally, the influence of the polymer cladding on the strain transmission to the fiber was evaluated. These fibers have the potential to be woven into fabrics that could harvest mechanical energy from the environment and could eventually be integrated into clothing.

Time for a Revolution: Smart Energy and Microgrid Use in Disaster Response

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wayne Callaway ◽  
Erin Noste ◽  
Peter Woods McCahill ◽  
A.J. Rossman ◽  
Dominique Lempereur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Alternative Power

AbstractModern health care and disaster response are inextricably linked to high volume, reliable, quality power. Disasters place major strain on energy infrastructure in affected communities. Advances in renewable energy and microgrid technology offer the potential to improve mobile disaster medical response capabilities. However, very little is known about the energy requirements of and alternative power sources in disaster response. A gap analysis of the energy components of modern disaster response reveals multiple deficiencies. The MED-1 Green Project has been executed as a multiphase project designed to identify energy utilization inefficiencies, decrease demands on diesel generators, and employ modern energy management strategies to expand operational independence. This approach, in turn, allows for longer deployments in potentially more austere environments and minimizes the unit's environmental footprint. The ultimate goal is to serve as a proof of concept for other mobile medical units to create strategies for energy independence. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–8)

Alternative power sources for remote sensors: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alim Dewan ◽  
Suat U. Ay ◽  
M. Nazmul Karim ◽  
Haluk Beyenal
Keyword(s):  
Power Sources ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Alternative Power

Fatal weather-related carbon monoxide poisonings in the United States

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Ice Storms ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Aging Infrastructure ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Alternative Power ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can cause injury or death if inhaled. CO is a frequent secondary hazard induced by the aftereffects of natural hazards as individuals, families, and communities often seek alternative power sources for heating, cooking, lighting, and cleanup during the emergency and recovery phases of a disaster. These alternative power sources—such as portable generators, petroleum-based heaters, and vehicles—exhaust CO that can ultimately build to toxic levels in enclosed areas. Ever-increasing environmental and societal changes combined with an aging infrastructure are growing the odds of power failures during hazardous weather events, which, in turn, are increasing the likelihood of CO exposure, illness, and death. This study analyzed weather-related CO fatalities from 2000 to 2019 in the U.S. using death certificate data, providing one of the longest assessments of this mortality. Results reveal that over 8,300 CO fatalities occurred in the U.S. during the 20-year study period, with 17% of those deaths affiliated with weather perils. Cool-season perils such as ice storms, snowstorms, and extreme cold were the leading hazards that led to situations causing CO fatalities. States in the Southeast and Northeast had the highest CO fatality rates, with winter having the greatest seasonal mortality. In general, these preventable CO poisoning influxes are related to a deficiency of knowledge on generator safety and the absence of working detectors and alarms in the enclosed locations where poisonings occur. Education and prevention programs that target the most vulnerable populations will help prevent future weather-related CO fatalities.

TECHNOLOGICAL ANALISIS FOR ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCES CONVERSED INTO MOTOR FUEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Никонова ◽  
A. Nikonova ◽  
Абу-Ниджим ◽  
R. Abu-Nidzhim ◽  
Фомин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Alternative Power ◽  
Technological Effectiveness ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article outlines the results of comparative analysis and experimental evaluation of technological effectiveness for some types of alternative sources to be recycled into fuel for automobile engines.

Twenty-First Century Power Generation - Fuel Cells, A Review

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Martin R. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Alternative Power ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Conventional Alternative

This Paper describes the principles of the fuel cell as a power (and usually heat) generation device, including a discussion of the supporting system, or Balance of Plant - an essential necessity for commercial applications. It goes on to describe the variety of fuel cell types, their status and potential applications. Reference is then made to the major international participants in fuel cell R&D and the rapidly growing UK programme, supported both by the DTI and EPSRC. Finally, an attempt is made to project timescales for the emergence of commercial products, with due recognition for the barriers to development and the rapid progress towards reduced environmental impact being made by conventional alternative power sources.

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