Effects of Engine Oil Composition on the Activity of Exhaust Emissions Oxidation Catalysts

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Gallopoulos ◽  
J. C. Summers ◽  
R. L Klimisch
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Oil Composition

A Study of Engine Oil Composition Effects on Zeolite-type SCR Catalyst Durability

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Shibata ◽  
Hideyuki Nagata ◽  
Shigeki Takeshima ◽  
Koji Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Zeolite Type ◽  
Catalyst Durability

Diesel engine exhaust, measured as elemental carbon. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4(102)) ◽  
pp. 43-109
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Szymańska ◽  
Barbara Frydrych ◽  
Elżbieta Bruchajzer
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Fumes

Exhaust emissions from diesel engines (SESD) are multi-component mixtures of chemical compounds resulting from incomplete combustion of fuel and engine oil. The toxic effect of exhaust gases is associated with the presence of toxic and carcinogenic compounds in them. GIS reports in 2019 that the number of employees employed in conditions constituting 0.1– 0.5 of MAC-TWA (applicable for exhaust emissions from diesel engines) in 2017 and in 2018 was 1071 and 986, respectively, while in conditions 0 , 5–1 MAC-TWA were 26 and 46, respectively. In the list of occupational diseases in the years 2013–2017, two cancers were registered: one bladder and one larynx (exposure to PAHs present in exhaust gases). In the clinical picture of acute exhaust poisoning, irritant effects on the mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract predominate. Eye conjunctival irritation is considered to be one of the most sensitive indicators of exhaust gas exposure. Chronic poisoning is usually seen in people who have been exposed to work for at least several years. Functional and morphological changes in the respiratory system dominate. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of exhaust gases has resulted in: accumulation of solid particles in macrophages, changes in lung cells, fibrosis and epithelial metaplasia. Exposure to exhaust fumes can exacerbate the symptoms of existing diseases, e.g. asthma, allergies. The results of epidemiological studies indicate a relationship between occupational exposure to exhaust gas emitted from diesel engines and the increased incidence of certain groups of cancers, mainly lung cancer and bladder cancer. Studies conducted on laboratory animals have shown that exposure to exhaust fumes emitted from diesel engines caused disorders of the respiratory, circulatory, nervous and immune systems. Mutagenicity tests showed positive responses in several Salmonella strains. Animal studies (prenatal and adult exposure) suggest that exposure to exhaust gas may affect male fertility. Annex III of Directive (EU) 2019/130 of the European Parliament and of the Council contains occupational exposure limit values amending Directive 2004/37 / EC. For exhaust emissions from diesel engines for an 8-hour working day, this value was set at 0.05 mg/m3 (measured as elemental carbon). After 1–2 hours of human inhalation exposure to concentrations of 75–225 µg/m3 (as elemental carbon), a decrease in respiratory function parameters and the occurrence of inflammatory changes in the lungs were observed. There is insufficient data on occupational exposure to exhaust emissions from new generation diesel engines. Therefore, it was proposed to adopt as the MAC-TWA value for exhaust emissions from diesel engines a concentration of 0.05 mg/m3 (measured as elemental carbon) included in the Directive 2019/130, without setting STEL and TLV-C. This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

The influence of engine oil on diesel exhaust emissions

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gligorijevic ◽  
J. Jevtic ◽  
G. Biresaw
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Oil

scholarly journals Trichoderma: Evaluation of Its Degrading Abilities for the Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Complex Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3152
Author(s):  
Chiara Daccò ◽  
Lidia Nicola ◽  
Marta Elisabetta Eleonora Temporiti ◽  
Barbara Mannucci ◽  
Federica Corana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Used Engine Oil ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Xylene Isomers ◽  
Different Strains

Hydrocarbons can have very harmful effects on organisms and the environment, and conventional techniques for their removal are expensive and require the use of chemicals and long-term actions. Trichoderma is an ascomycete genus known to be active on different recalcitrant substrates, since it can produce a set of nonspecific extracellular enzymes generally involved in the degradation of lignin. However, the literature concerning the use of Trichoderma to degrade hydrocarbons is still limited. In this work we aimed to investigate the ability of Trichoderma to exploit used engine oil as its sole carbon source for prospective bioremediation of contaminated substrates. Four different strains belonging to Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma harzianum species were tested. The fungi were inoculated in direct contact with used engine oil, and after 45 days the samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that all strains (except Trichoderma asperellum F1020) significantly changed the oil composition, decreasing the aromatic fraction in favor of the aliphatic one. T. harzianum F26, especially, showed a significant reduction of the BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the three xylene isomers) and alkylbenzenes fraction and an increase in short-chain aliphatics C1–C20. Enzymatic tests for laccase and peroxidase were also carried out, demonstrating that every strain seems to express a different mode of action.

scholarly journals Engine oil contribution to diesel exhaust emissions

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gligorijevic ◽  
J. Jevtic ◽  
D. J. Borak
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Oil

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of methanol-gasoline fuel blend on performance, emissions and lubricant oil deterioration in SI engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402110252
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Nasir Hayat ◽  
Syed Wasim Hassan Zubair ◽  
Rehmat Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Oil Deterioration ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
Hc Emissions

Methanol showed promising results as an alternative to gasoline fuel. However, there exists a research gap for the effect of oxygenated fuel on lubricant oil deterioration along-with engine performance and emissions. This study aims the very topic. The characteristics of SI engine were evaluated for two different loads and nine different engine speeds. The lubricant oil samples were taken out from engine oil sump after 100 h of engine operations using gasoline (G) and M12 sequentially. The brake power of M12 was observed higher in comparison with G. The maximum BTE of 23.69% was observed for M12 on lower load and 2800 rpm. On average, the 6.05% and 6.31% decrease in HC emissions were observed using M12 in comparison with G at lower and higher load respectively. M12 produced 32.52% higher NOx emissions than that of G at lower load. The reduction in kinematic viscosities at 40°C of lubricant oil were found 11.61% and 18.78% for M12 and G respectively. TAN, specific gravity, flash point and ash content of lubricant oil were observed 10.23%, 0.079%, 5.81% and 0.97% higher for M12 respectively. The lubricant oil composition could be developed in future for such fuels which may prolong its life cycle.

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