A Dielectric Cell Technique for the Continuous Measurement of Fuel/Air Ratio under Transient Conditions of Engine Operation

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Mills ◽  
G. A. Harrow
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Dielectric Cell

scholarly journals Thermodynamic indexes of real driving conditions of gasoline and LPG fuelled engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Wojciech Cieślik ◽  
Wojciech Bueschke ◽  
Maciej Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Combustion Pressure ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Additional Fuel

The aim of the conducted tests was to assess the method of delivering additional fuel dose in transient conditions and to determine the impact of this additional fuel dose on the engine operation conditions. The experimental tests were conducted in typical urban driving conditions. In the study was used system for indicating and acquisition of fast-varying data; the combustion pressure in the first cylinder of the 3-cylinder engine with spark ignition was measured, as well as the voltage on the petrol injectors and the liquefied petroleum gas injector. The post-processing analysis enabled defining engine operation indexes taking into account the aforementioned parameters. Also indicated mean effective pressure, the heat release rate and the amount of the heat released were analysed. In addition, the indexes of transient conditions of engine operation per one cycle were specified: change of the engine speed, of the maximum combustion pressure, of the indicated mean effective pressure and change of the heat release rate.

Limits for NOx Reduction by EGR in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine at Stationary and Transient Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Schalk ◽  
Herwig Ofner ◽  
Christian Doppler ◽  
Steffen Daum ◽  
Alois Danninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Load Response ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective engine internal measure to reduce NOx emissions. This is e.g. constituted by the fact that the NOx limit of the current European on-road emission regulation EURO V can be met exclusively by the application of EGR (an overview on emissions regulations is e.g. given in [1]). However, the proposed NOx limits for the upcoming regulations have been lowered significantly which implicates much higher EGR rates compared to the EURO V applications if this strategy is further pursued. This is valid for both the future on-road regulation (EURO VI) and the off-road regulation (Stage IV). In this paper main focus is laid on off-road applications. One of the main challenges of this task refers to transient engine operation which also requires EGR. Thus, great demands are made to the design and calibration of the charging system in order to guarantee acceptable load response characteristics during the acceleration phases. An experimental study was carried out with a modified EURO V heavy duty engine which was operated in an engine test cell under stationary and transient conditions with various engine settings. These primarily referred to the EGR rate and smoke limitations during transient operation. In this way the NOx, soot and load response characteristics were systematically investigated. With the used test engine the NOx emissions could not be lowered below a level of approximately 0.6 g/kWh in the Non-Road Transient Test Cycle (NRTC) [1] without a significant deterioration in load response (for comparison — the proposed Stage IV NOx limit is 0.4 g/kWh in the NRTC).

Real-Time Diagnostic Method of Gas Turbines Operating Under Transient Conditions in Hybrid Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Tsoutsanis ◽  
Moussa Hamadache ◽  
Roger Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Health State ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Hybrid Power

Abstract The expansion of renewable power plants has transformed the role and operation of gas turbines to a great extent. From the base load operation era, we are moving into a flexible and dynamic engine operation of gas turbines. Advances in computational intelligence have amplified the importance of condition monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics capabilities in the face of gas turbine operation. Performing diagnostics in transient conditions is beneficial since the gas turbines are now acting as partners of renewables. This article presents a novel diagnostic approach for determining the health of a gas turbine when it works in conjunction with a wind farm in a hybrid power plant. In this article, we propose a model-based diagnostic method without reconstructing component maps according to their degradation. Once the engine model is adapted to its clean condition, it is tuned in real-time to reflect the changes in both the operation and degradation with respect to a benchmark engine model. Time evolving multiple component degradation scenarios are simulated to test the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. From a bank of simulated measurements, data trending is performed which facilitates the detection of degradation and provides useful conclusions about the health state of the engine. This diagnostic method is suitable for gas turbines that spend most of their life time in part-load and transient operation and it can be a useful tool for gas turbine operators in planning their assets maintenance in a computational efficient and accurate manner.

Direct Measurement of the Listening of Hearing-Impaired Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Mira
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Continuous Measurement ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Reinforcement System ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Conjugate Reinforcement ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Hearing Impaired Children

Listening, a significant dimension of the behavior of hearing-impaired children, may be measured directly by recording childrens' responses to obtain audio narrations programmed via a conjugate reinforcement system. Twelve hearing-impaired, school-aged children responded in varying ways to the opportunity to listen. Direct and continuous measurement of listening has relevance for evaluation of remediation methods and for discovery of variables potentially related to listening.

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