Ignition, Combustion, and Exhaust Emissions of Lean Mixtures in Automotive Spark Ignition Engines

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tanuma ◽  
Kenichi Sasaki ◽  
Touru Kaneko ◽  
Hajime Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Lean Mixtures

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

scholarly journals Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Szwaja ◽  
Michal Gruca ◽  
Michal Pyrc ◽  
Romualdas Juknelevičius
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

Investigation of a new type of fuel for the internal combustion engine, which can be successfully used in both the power generation and the automotive industries, is presented in this article. The proposed fuel is a blend of 75% n-butanol and 25% glycerol. The engine tests conducted with this glycerol–butanol blend were focused on the performance, combustion thermodynamics, and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine. A comparative analysis was performed to find potential similarities and differences in the engine fueled with gasoline 95 and the proposed glycerol–butanol blend. As measured, CO exhaust emissions increased, NOx emissions decreased, and UHC emissions were unchanged for the glycerol–butanol blend when compared to the test with sole gasoline. As regards the engine performance and combustion progress, no significant differences were observed. Exhaust temperature remarkably decreased by 3.4%, which contributed to an increase in the indicated mean effective pressure by approximately 4% compared to gasoline 95. To summarize, the proposed glycerol–butanol blend can be directly used as a replacement for gasoline in internal combustion spark-ignition engines.

Indicators of Fuel Maldistribution in Spark-Ignition Engines

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Alkidas
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines

Several exhaust-emissions-based parameters were experimentally found to be good indicators for fuel maldistribution (both in-cylinder and cylinder-to-cylinder) in spark-ignition engines. The quality of combustion greatly affected these indicators, thus possibly limiting their applicability. Corrections were developed to desensitize these indicators to the quality of combustion.

scholarly journals The prospects for the use of ethanol as a fuel component and its potential in the reduction of exhaust emissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Martynika PAŁUCHOWSKA ◽  
Zbigniew STĘPIEŃ ◽  
Grażyna ŻAK
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Unleaded Gasoline ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Test Engine

This paper presents the progress in the introduction of fuels of higher content of ethanol and vehicle models adapted for fuelling with this type of fuels (FFV). Trends in the European legislation related to the standards of spark ignition engines exhaust emissions have been discussed. The results of a study of unleaded gasoline E10 proneness to forming deposits on the test engine intake valves in accordance with CEC F-20-98 test procedure have been presented. The paper also presents the results of a study of ethanol E85 proneness to forming deposits on the elements of the engine intake system when it contained inappropriate detergent additives.

scholarly journals Ethanol as an automotive fuel – a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Piotr Bielaczyc ◽  
Joseph Woodburn ◽  
Mateusz Gandyk ◽  
Andrzej Szczotka
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Automotive Fuel ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Pros And Cons

Usage of ethanol as a fuel has been known for hundreds of years. However, recently usage of ethanol and its blends as a road transport fuel has increased and interest in its use is growing. There are a lot of pros and cons connected with using ethanol, which are described in this paper. This paper reviews current knowledge on using ethanol in spark ignition engines. The fuel is described in the context of future opportunities. A significant part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of ethanol and its blends’ impact on regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions, including laboratory results obtained by BOSMAL from chassis dynamometer testing of European vehicles.

Cold Engine’s Operating Regime Influence over the Exhaust Emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 822 ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Stelian Tarulescu ◽  
Corneliu Cofaru ◽  
Radu Tarulescu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Hc Emissions

This paper presents a study regarding the emissions caused by the running of a cold engine and studies the influence of the four-stroke gasoline engine’s temperature on CO2, CO, HC emissions. Experimental research has been done for three light vehicles equipped with a 1390 cm3 Renault spark ignition engines. Several test have been made under different temperature conditions by using a BEA Emission Analyser - Bosch. The experimental data have shown that the engine’s temperature has an influence on CO2, CO, HC emissions. The results show that the highest pollutants values are recorded for low exhaust gases temperature and for cold engine’s running regime.

A comparative study of the performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine fuelled by natural gas and gasoline

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Evans ◽  
J Blaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lean Limit

The purpose of this study was to obtain a detailed comparison of engine performance and exhaust emissions from natural gas and gasoline fuelled spark ignition engines. Each fuel was tested at both wide-open throttle and two part-load operating conditions over a wide range of air—fuel ratios. The results show that the power output of the engine at a given throttle position was reduced by about 12 per cent when fuelled by natural gas due to displacement of air by the gas. The emission levels for natural gas were lower by from 5 to 50 per cent, depending on the pollutant, compared to gasoline. On an energy basis, both fuels exhibited nearly equal thermal efficiency, except that at very lean air—fuel ratios natural gas showed increased efficiency due to an extension of the lean limit of combustion.

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