The Relation Between Knock and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Duke ◽  
S. S. Lestz ◽  
W. E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

scholarly journals Exhaust emissions of methanol and ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehmus Altun ◽  
Hakan Öztop ◽  
Cengiz Öner ◽  
Yasin Varol
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Unleaded Gasoline

scholarly journals Combustion Modelling to Evaluate Turbulent Burning Velocities During Spark Ignition Engine Combustion

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. James
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Unknown Quantity ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Pattern Development ◽  
Turbulent Burning Velocity

Abstract “Phenomenological” computer models of the spark ignition engine combustion process are predominantly used in a “predictive” mode i.e. the modeller develops the computer program by utilising the best current understanding of phenomena associated with the process. Thus, suitable expressions are incorporated to depict turbulent burning velocity, heat exchange with the surroundings, flame pattern development, exhaust emissions etc.. The accuracy of the model is then tested by subsequent comparison with pertinent “global” engine performance parameters such as pressure-time diagrams, average flame speeds and exhaust emissions. The “predictiveness” of the model arises from the inclusion of the turbulent burning velocity expression and assumed flame pattern development. These are notoriously difficult to specify precisely and resort is often made to generalised approximations. Thus, turbulent burning velocity is frequently accounted for by the use of expressions developed from experiments on dissimilar engine designs or even “out-of-engine” flames. Accurate flame pattern development is an equally unknown quantity since it is influenced by turbulence and swirl levels, combustion chamber surface temperatures and design, mixture homogeneity etc.. These difficulties are invariably overcome by subsuming them in a general inaccurate assumption that the flame development is spherical in nature and centred at the spark plug. Even though the “global” computer model predictions may be acceptably accurate with such assumptions, it is highly unlikely that the detailed flame progression across the chamber is modelled correctly. To overcome such criticisms, the computer model can be used in a different operational mode (1) with the ultimate aim of more precise specifications of turbulent burning velocity and how it varies across the combustion chamber.

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