Comparative Studies of Exhaust Emissions from Three City Buses in Real Traffic Conditions, One with LNG, the Other with CI Engine and a Hybrid Bus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gis ◽  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Jacek Pielecha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Bus ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Real Traffic

scholarly journals The influence of the driving style according to the principles of eco-driving on the emission of toxic substances from a light utility vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Maciej Andrzejewski ◽  
Mateusz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Power Unit ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Utility Vehicle ◽  
Real Traffic

The article presents the results of measurements of exhaust emissions of commercial vehicle in real traffic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine how the driving style affects on the exhaust emissions from vehicle engine. The determinants were the measurements of the concentration of main toxic substances emitted to the atmosphere from the power unit of the tested vehicle. In the measurements a portable exhaust emission analyzer was used (PEMS type).

The On-Road Exhaust Emissions from Vehicles Fitted with the Start-Stop System

2013 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Pawel Fuc ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Andrzej Ziolkowski
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Utility Vehicle

The paper describes the influence of the start-stop system on the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. The tests were performed for two vehicles. The first one was a vehicle designed specifically to operate in city conditions. It was fitted with a gasoline engine of the displacement of 0.9 dm3 and maximum power output of 63.7 kW. The other vehicle was an SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) fitted with a diesel engine of the displacement of 3.0 dm3. The measurements of the exhaust emission were carried out on the same route under actual traffic conditions. For the tests a portable exhaust emissions analyzer from the PEMS group SEMTECH DS was used (PEMS Portable Emissions Measurement System).

scholarly journals Exhaust emissions from vehicles in real traffic conditions in the Poznan agglomeration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Merkisz ◽  
J. Pielecha ◽  
P. Lijewski ◽  
A. Merkisz-Guranowska ◽  
M. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Real Traffic

scholarly journals Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Test ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Emission ◽  
Real Traffic

New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional relationships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust compo-nents). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.

scholarly journals Fuel economy and exhaust emissions of a diesel vehicle under real traffic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1781-1792
Author(s):  
Jianbing Gao ◽  
Haibo Chen ◽  
Kaushali Dave ◽  
Junyan Chen ◽  
Dongyao Jia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Diesel Vehicle ◽  
Real Traffic

scholarly journals The effect of applying the eco-driving rules on the exhaust emissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Maciej ANDRZEJEWSKI ◽  
Jacek PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Real Traffic

The article presents the results of measurements of exhaust emissions of commercial vehicle in real traffic conditions. The aim of this study was to initial verification how the driving style affects on the exhaust emissions from vehicle engine and fuel consumption. The determinants were the measurements of the concentration of CO2 and others harmful substances emitted to the atmosphere from the power unit of the tested vehicle. In the measurements a portable exhaust emission analyzer was used (PEMS type).

Activity of Plasmin and Streptokinase-Activator on Substituted Arginine and Lysine Esters

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 018-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sherry ◽  
Norma Alkjaersig ◽  
A. P Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

SummaryComparative studies have been made of the esterase activity of plasmin and the streptokinase-activator of plasminogen on a variety of substituted arginine and lysine esters. Human plasmin preparations derived by different methods of activation (spontaneous in glycerol, trypsin, streptokinase (SK) and urokinase) are similar in their esterase activity; this suggests that the molecular structure required for such esterase activity is similar for all of these human plasmins. Bovine plasmin, on the other hand, differs from human plasmin in its activity on several of the substrates studied (e.g., the methyl esters of benzoyl arginine and tosyl, acetyl and carbobenzoxy lysine), a finding which supports the view that molecular differences exist between the two animal plasmins. The streptokinase-activator hydrolyzes both arginine and lysine esters but the ratios of hydrolytic activity are distinct from those of plasmin and of other activators of plasminogen. The use of benzoyl arginine methyl ester as a substrate for the measurement of the esterase activity of the streptokinase-activator is described.

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