Assessing the Effect of Compression Ratio on the Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine, and Optimum Spark Advance at Different Operating Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar Gupta ◽  
Mayank Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Emission Characteristics

Hydrogen Fuelled Spark-Ignition Engines: Predictive and Experimental Performance

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Chemical Kinetic Model ◽  
Wide Range

Hydrogen is well recognized as a suitable fuel for spark-ignition engine applications that has many unique attractive features and limitations. It is a fuel that can continue potentially to meet the ever increasingly stringent regulations for exhaust and greenhouse gas emissions. The application of hydrogen as an engine fuel has been tried over many decades by numerous investigators with varying degrees of success. The performance data reported often tend not to display consistent agreement between the various investigators mainly because of the wide differences in engine type, size, operating conditions used and the differing criteria employed to judge whether knock is taking place or not. With the ever-increasing interest in hydrogen as an engine fuel, there is a need to be able to model extensively various features of the performance of spark ignition (S.I.) hydrogen engines so as to investigate and compare reliably the performance of widely different engines under a wide variety of operating conditions. The paper employs a quasi-dimensional two-zone model for the operation of S.I. engines when fuelled with hydrogen. In this approach, the engine combustion chamber at any instant of time during combustion is considered to be divided into two temporally varying zones: a burned zone and an unburned zone. The model incorporates a detailed chemical kinetic model scheme of 30 reaction steps and 12 species, to simulate the oxidation reactions of hydrogen in air. A knock prediction model, developed previously for S.I. methane-hydrogen fuelled engine applications (Shrestha and Karim 1999(a) and 1999(b)) was extended to consider operation on hydrogen. The effects of changes in operating conditions, including a very wide range of variations in equivalence ratio on the onset of knock and its intensity, combustion duration, power, efficiency and operational limits were investigated. The results of this predictive approach were shown to validate well against corresponding experimental results of our own and those of others, obtained mostly in a variable compression ratio CFR engine. On this basis, the effects of changes in some of the key operational engine variables, such as compression ratio, intake temperature and spark timing are presented and discussed. Some guidelines for superior knock free-operation of engines on hydrogen are made also.

Hydrogen Fueled Spark-Ignition Engines Predictive and Experimental Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Chemical Kinetic Model ◽  
Wide Range

Hydrogen is well recognized as a suitable fuel for spark-ignition engine applications that has many unique attractive features and limitations. It is a fuel that can continue potentially to meet the ever-increasingly stringent regulations for exhaust and greenhouse gas emissions. The application of hydrogen as an engine fuel has been tried over many decades by numerous investigators with varying degrees of success. However, the performance data reported often tend not to display consistent agreement between the various investigators, mainly because of the wide differences in engine type, size, operating conditions used, and the differing criteria employed to judge whether knock is taking place or not. With the ever-increasing interest in hydrogen as an engine fuel, there is a need to be able to model extensively various features of the performance of spark ignition (S.I.) hydrogen engines so as to investigate and compare reliably the performance of widely different engines under a wide variety of operating conditions. In the paper we employ a quasidimensional two-zone model for the operation of S.I. engines when fueled with hydrogen. In this approach, the engine combustion chamber at any instant of time during combustion is considered to be divided into two temporally varying zones: a burned zone and an unburned zone. The model incorporates a detailed chemical kinetic model scheme of 30 reaction steps and 12 species, to simulate the oxidation reactions of hydrogen in air. A knock prediction model, developed previously for S.I. methane-hydrogen fueled engine applications was extended to consider operation on hydrogen. The effects of changes in operating conditions, including a very wide range of variations in the equivalence ratio on the onset of knock and its intensity, combustion duration, power, efficiency, and operational limits were investigated. The results of this predictive approach were shown to validate well against the corresponding experimental results, obtained mostly in a variable compression ratio CFR engine. On this basis, the effects of changes in some of the key operational engine variables, such as compression ratio, intake temperature, and spark timing are presented and discussed. Some guidelines for superior knock-free operation of engines on hydrogen are also made.

scholarly journals Operating Limits for Ammonia Fuel Spark-Ignition Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4141
Author(s):  
Christine Mounaïm-Rousselle ◽  
Pierre Bréquigny ◽  
Clément Dumand ◽  
Sébastien Houillé
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Load Limit ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
A Current

The objective of this paper is to provide new data about the possibility of using ammonia as a carbon-free fuel in a spark-ignition engine. A current GDI PSA engine (Compression Ratio 10.5:1) was chosen in order to update the results available in the literature mainly obtained in the CFR engine. Particular attention was paid to determine the lowest possible load limit when the engine is supplied with pure ammonia or a small amount of H2, depending on engine speed, in order to highlight the limitation during cold start conditions. It can be concluded that this engine can run stably in most of these operating conditions with less than 10% H2 (of the total fuel volume) added to NH3. Measurements of exhaust pollutants, and in particular NOx, have made it possible to evaluate the possibility of diluting the intake gases and its limitation during combustion with pure H2 under slightly supercharged conditions. In conclusion, the 10% dilution limit allows a reduction of up to 40% in NOx while guaranteeing stable operation.

scholarly journals Comparing the Potentiality of Propane, Propanol and Octane Fuel Using in SI Engine Based on Energy-Exergy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Md Mizanuzzaman Mizan
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Single Cylinder

From the beginning of IC engine era, it is trying to improve the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engine. In this study, numerically analysis on combustion of Propane, Propanol and Octane in SI engine have been done thoroughly and presented to assess the potentiality and highlighted the comparison. For this analysis thermodynamic engine cycle model is developed for numerical analysis. Mathematical models considering fundamental equation and empirical relation are implemented in a single cylinder 4 stroke spark ignition engine (system) with the help of FORTRAN 95 to find out heat losses, friction losses, output parameter etc.  Single cylinder four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engine is considered as system. In this study, different working parameters like 8 and 12 compression ratios with three different rpm 2000, 4000 & 6000 are considered for simulation. This study shows the different comparisons of energy-exergy content (%), as example of exhaust gas 35.08 & 17.82, 37.02 & 19.22, 37.79 & 19.79 for Octane (at compression ratio 8 and 2000, 4000, 6000 rpm) etc., which explains the potentiality content and the potentiality losses in different process like combustion, mixing of gases etc. It also shows for the fuel propane and propanol in similar way with changing different operating conditions. Maximum inside cylinder temperature, 1st law and 2nd law efficiencies were determined for the fuels with respect to different compression ratio and engine speed.

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