Optimizing Occupant Restraint Systems for Tactical Vehicles in Frontal Crashes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Hu ◽  
Nichole Ritchie Orton ◽  
Cong Chen ◽  
Matthew Reed ◽  
Jonathan Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupant Restraint Systems ◽  
Frontal Crashes

Optimal design of pre-triggering airbag system for occupant protection performance during frontal crashes

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 2850-2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xiao ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Fuhao Mo ◽  
Siqi Zhao ◽  
Cuina Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Chest Injuries ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
Analysis Center ◽  
Frontal Crashes ◽  
Injury Protection

With the rapid development of car crash sensing and identification technology, the application of pre-triggering airbag system is becoming an important option to improve vehicle safety. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the injury protection ability of pre-triggering airbag system and optimize its performance in frontal crashes regarding the key physical parameters. A driver restraint system model established and validated by National Crash Analysis Center was employed and validated for studying the injury protection ability of pre-triggering airbag system. Then, the influences of airbag triggering time, airbag volume scaling factor, inflator mass flow, and exhaust orifice size of pre-triggering airbag system on driver’s head and chest injuries were analyzed. Finally, the weighted injury criterion was selected as the evaluation index to optimize the pre-triggering airbag system. The results show the pre-triggering airbag should be designed with a larger airbag volume and inflator mass flow rate and smaller exhaust orifice. The optimized restraint system design presents a reduction of weighted injury criterion values in 100% and 40% overlapped frontal impacts reaching 25.63% and 42.23%, respectively.

Assessment of Acclimation of 5th Percentile Female and 50th Percentile Male Volunteer Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal and Frontal-Oblique Sled Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-103
Author(s):  
Hana Chan ◽  
◽  
Devon Albert ◽  
F Scott Gayzik ◽  
Andrew R Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Multiple Test ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Frontal Crashes

In order to accurately represent the response of live occupants during pre-crash events and frontal crashes, computational human body models (HBMs) that incorporate active musculature must be validated with appropriate volunteer data that represents a wide range of demographic groups and potential crash conditions. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare occupant kinematic responses for unaware (relaxed) small female and midsize male volunteers during low-speed frontal and frontal-oblique sled tests across multiple test conditions, while recognizing, assessing, and accounting for potential acclimation effects due to multiple exposures. Six 5th percentile female and six 50th percentile male volunteers were exposed to multiple low-speed frontal and frontal-oblique sled tests on two separate test days. Volunteers experienced one test orientation and two pulse severities (1 g and 2.5 g) on each test day. A Vicon motion capture system was used to quantify the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the volunteers. Peak forward excursions of select body locations were compared within a test day and between test days for the same test condition to determine if and how acclimation occurred. Differences between demographic groups were also compared after accounting for any observed acclimation. Acclimation was not observed within a test day but was observed between test days for some demographic groups and some test conditions. In general, head, neck, and shoulder responses were affected, but the elbow, hip, and knee responses were not. Males generally moved farther forward compared to females during the frontal tests, but both groups moved forward similarly during the frontal-oblique tests. Overall, this study provides new female and male biomechanical data that can be used to further develop and validate HBMs that incorporate active musculature in order to better understand and assess occupant response and injury risk in pre-crash events and frontal crashes.

Finite Element Modeling of Non-Orthogonal Loosely Woven Fabrics in Advanced Occupant Restraint Systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romil R. Tanov ◽  
Marlin Brueggert
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Model ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Explicit Finite Element ◽  
Analysis Scheme ◽  
Occupant Restraint Systems ◽  
Protection Devices

Abstract The behavior of loosely woven fabrics differs significantly from other types of woven fabrics. Its unique characteristics have been successfully utilized for the correct operation of some recently developed occupant protection devices for the automotive and heavy machine and truck industry. However, this behavior cannot be efficiently modeled using the currently available material models within a finite element analysis scheme. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present the basics of a formulation of a material model for the analysis of loosely woven fabrics and its implementation in a general-purpose explicit finite element code. To assess the performance of the model, results from the simulation are presented and compared to real test data.

Main effects of driving posture changes in frontal crashes due to ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Kakit Fung ◽  
Sungmoon Jung ◽  
John Sobanjo
Keyword(s):  
Driving Posture ◽  
Frontal Crashes ◽  
Main Effects

Comparison of injuries of belted occupants among different BMI categories in frontal crashes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Joodaki ◽  
Bronislaw Gepner ◽  
Timothy McMurry ◽  
Jason Kerrigan
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Crashes
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