Comparison of a State of the Art Hydraulic Brake System with a Decentralized Hydraulic Brake System Concept for Electric Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Riese ◽  
Armin Verhagen ◽  
Simon Schroeter ◽  
Frank Gauterin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Hydraulic Brake ◽  
System Concept

Skid Control of Small Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors (Effect of ABS and Regenerative Brake Timing Control on Emergency Braking)

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 927-931
Author(s):  
Mohamad Heerwan bin Peeie ◽  
Hirohiko Ogino ◽  
Yoshio Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Safety Device ◽  
Hydraulic Unit ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Hydraulic Brake ◽  
Space Limitation

This paper presents an active safety device for skid control of small electric vehicles with in-wheel motors. Due to the space limitation on the driving tire, a mechanical brake system was installed rather than hydraulic brake system. For the same reason, anti-lock brake system (ABS) that is a basic skid control method cannot be installed on the driving tire. During braking on icy road or emergency braking, the tire will be locked and the vehicle is skidding. To prevent tire lock-up and vehicle from skidding, we proposed the combination of ABS and regenerative brake timing control. The hydraulic unit of ABS is installed on the non-driving tire while the in-wheel motors on the driving tire will be an actuator of ABS to control the regenerative braking force. The performance of the ABS and regenerative brake timing control on the emergency braking situation is measured by the simulation. The simulation result shows that the combination of ABS and regenerative brake timing control can prevent tire lock-up and vehicle from skidding.

scholarly journals Separation and Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Eva Gerold ◽  
Stefan Luidold ◽  
Helmut Antrekowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Efficient Recovery

The consumption of lithium has increased dramatically in recent years. This can be primarily attributed to its use in lithium-ion batteries for the operation of hybrid and electric vehicles. Due to its specific properties, lithium will also continue to be an indispensable key component for rechargeable batteries in the next decades. An average lithium-ion battery contains 5–7% of lithium. These values indicate that used rechargeable batteries are a high-quality raw material for lithium recovery. Currently, the feasibility and reasonability of the hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries is still a field of research. This work is intended to compare the classic method of the precipitation of lithium from synthetic and real pregnant leaching liquors gained from spent lithium-ion batteries with sodium carbonate (state of the art) with alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate. Furthermore, the correlation of the obtained product to the used type of phosphate is comprised. In addition, the influence of the process temperature (room temperature to boiling point), as well as the stoichiometric factor of the precipitant, is investigated in order to finally enable a statement about an efficient process, its parameter and the main dependencies.

Autonomous Emergency Braking Control Based on Hierarchical Strategy Using Integrated-Electro-Hydraulic Brake System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangkun He ◽  
Xuewu Ji ◽  
Kaiming Yang ◽  
Yulong Liu ◽  
Jian WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brake System ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Hydraulic Brake ◽  
Braking Control

scholarly journals Application of FURIA for Finding the Faults in a Hydraulic Brake System Using a Vibration Analysis through a Machine Learning Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamelu Manghai T. M ◽  
Jegadeeshwaran R
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Hydraulic Brake ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

Vibration-based continuous monitoring system for fault diagnosis of automobile hydraulic brake system is presented in this study. This study uses a machine learning approach for the fault diagnosis study. A hydraulic brake system test rig was fabricated. The vibration signals were acquired from the brake system under different simulated fault conditions using a piezoelectric transducer. The histogram features were extracted from the acquired vibration signals. The feature selection process was carried out using a decision tree. The selected features were classified using fuzzy unordered rule induction algorithm ( FURIA ) and Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction ( RIPPER ) algorithm. The classification results of both algorithms for fault diagnosis of a hydraulic brake system were presented. Compared to RIPPER and J48 decision tree, the FURIA performs better and produced 98.73 % as the classification accuracy.

Optimization of Magnetorheological Brake

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snegdha Gupta ◽  
Harish Hirani
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
Hydraulic Brake ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
Gradient Based

Quick response and rheological properties as a function of magnetic field are well known features of MR fluids which inspire their usage as brake materials. Controllable torque and minimum weight of brake system are the deciding functions based on which the viability of the MR brake against the conventional hydraulic brake system can be judged. The aim of this study is to optimize a multi-disk magneto-rheological brake system considering torque and weight as objective functions and geometric dimensions of conventional hydraulic brake as constraints. The electric current accounting magnetic saturation, MR gap, number of disk, thickness of disk, and outer diameter of disk have been considered as design variables. To model the behavior of MR Fluid, Bingham and Herschel Bulkley models have been compared. To implement these models in estimating the braking torque a modification in shear rate dependent component has been proposed. The overall design of MR brake has been optimized using a hybrid (Genetic algorithm plus gradient based) optimization scheme of MATLAB software.

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