Ash Permeability Determination in the Diesel Particulate Filter from Ultra-High Resolution 3D X-Ray Imaging and Image-Based Direct Numerical Simulations

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 608-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Justin Kamp ◽  
Shawn Zhang ◽  
Sujay Bagi ◽  
Victor Wong ◽  
Greg Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulations ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

scholarly journals A Study on Soot and Ash Accumulation Characteristics of Diesel Particulate Filter Substrate Using Nondestructive Computed Radiography X-ray Imaging Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9483
Author(s):  
Giyoung Park ◽  
Hoyoung Ryu ◽  
Manjae Kwon ◽  
Seangwock Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Visual Test ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

The diesel particulate filter of a diesel engine is an after-treatment device that removes particulate matter from exhaust emissions by filtering and oxidating them through a regeneration process. When the diesel particulate filter is damaged, a vehicle inspection is usually performed; if the cause is not found through using on-board diagnostics, then the diesel particulate filter is removed, and a visual test is conducted. However, it is not easy to find the exact cause of the diesel particulate filter being damaged, and a visual test takes a long time as the diesel particulate filter substrate is covered by a canister. In this study, using the computed radiography X-ray imaging technique, X-ray images were taken after placing an accumulated amount of carbon powder, similar to soot and ash powder in the substrate. Results confirmed that carbon powder and ash powder were shown in white in X-ray images, leading to a conclusion that distinguishing between carbon powder and ash powder is possible by analyzing the pixel value through the image processing technique. However, since pixel values alone are insufficient for exact quantitative evaluation, various studies and analyses are necessary for quantitative evaluation.

scholarly journals Lattice Boltzmann simulation on continuously regenerating diesel filter

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1945) ◽  
pp. 2584-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuki Yamauchi ◽  
Naoki Takada ◽  
Masaki Misawa ◽  
Hirohide Furutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soot Deposition ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Diesel Filter

To reduce particulate matter (PM) including soot in diesel exhaust gas, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been developed. Since it is difficult to observe the phenomena in a DPF experimentally, we have conducted a lattice Boltzmann simulation. In this study, we simulated the flow in a metallic filter. An X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique was applied to obtain its inner structure. The processes of soot deposition and oxidation were included for a continuously regenerating diesel filter. By comparing experimental data, a parameter of soot deposition probability in the numerical model was determined.

Evaluating Porosity in Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filter Materials: Advanced X-Ray Techniques and New Statistical Analysis Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kupsch ◽  
Axel Lange ◽  
Manfred P. Hentschel ◽  
Yener Onel ◽  
Thomas Wolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Solid Matter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Image Analysis Algorithm

Bi-continuous porous ceramics for filtration applications possess a particularly complicated microstructure, whereby porosity and solid matter are intermingled. Mechanical, thermal, and filtration properties can only be precisely estimated if the morphology of both solid matter and porosity can be quantitatively determined. Using 3D computed tomography (CT) at different resolutions, and several X-ray refraction-based techniques, we quantitatively evaluated porosity and pore orientation in cordierite diesel particulate filter ceramics.Moreover, applying both Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and a newly developed image analysis algorithm (directional interface variance analysis, DIVA), we quantitatively evaluated porosity and pore orientation. Both the experimental techniques and the statistical approach allow extraction of spatially resolved or average values.Porosity values from synchrotron computed tomography used turn out to agree with mercury intrusion measurements, while pore orientation factors agree with published crystallographic texture data. This latter point also implies that the study of the pore/matter interface is sufficient to describe the morphological properties of these materials.

Comparative analysis on the effects of diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction systems on a wide spectrum of chemical species emissions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gerald Liu ◽  
Devin R. Berg ◽  
Thaddeus A. Swor ◽  
James J. Schauer‡
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Two methods, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, for controlling diesel emissions have become widely used, either independently or together, for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations world-wide. Each of these systems is designed for the reduction of primary pollutant emissions including particulate matter (PM) for the DPF and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for the SCR. However, there have been growing concerns regarding the secondary reactions that these aftertreatment systems may promote involving unregulated species emissions. This study was performed to gain an understanding of the effects that these aftertreatment systems may have on the emission levels of a wide spectrum of chemical species found in diesel engine exhaust. Samples were extracted using a source dilution sampling system designed to collect exhaust samples representative of real-world emissions. Testing was conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine with no aftertreatment devices to establish a baseline measurement and also on the same engine equipped first with a DPF system and then a SCR system. Each of the samples was analyzed for a wide variety of chemical species, including elemental and organic carbon, metals, ions, n-alkanes, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to the primary pollutants, due to the potential risks they pose to the environment and public health. The results show that the DPF and SCR systems were capable of substantially reducing PM and NOx emissions, respectively. Further, each of the systems significantly reduced the emission levels of the unregulated chemical species, while the notable formation of new chemical species was not observed. It is expected that a combination of the two systems in some future engine applications would reduce both primary and secondary emissions significantly.

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