Aftertreatment Architecture and Control Methodologies for Future Light Duty Diesel Emission Regulations

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1580-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Chilumukuru ◽  
Aniket Gupta ◽  
Michael Ruth ◽  
Michael Cunningham ◽  
Govindarajan Kothandaraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Duty ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Diesel Emission ◽  
And Control

Diesel Emission Test Stand for Advanced SCR Control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Noto ◽  
Athul Radhakrishnan ◽  
Ye Sun ◽  
Josh Ferreira ◽  
Marc Compere
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Nox Sensor ◽  
Diesel Emission ◽  
Tier 3

The combination of increasingly challenging emissions regulations and impending Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards of 54.5 mpg by 2025 presents auto makers with a challenge over the next 10 years. The most promising technologies currently available for meeting high fuel economy and low emissions regulations are increased hybridization, turbo downsizing, and increased Diesel engine implementation. Combining these into a hybrid turbo Diesel is an ideal transition technology for the very near future as battery and other alternative fuels become viable for widespread automotive use. This paper presents a Diesel emission test stand to improve Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems for light duty Diesel vehicles, particularly hybrid power systems that experience many start-stop events. Advanced modeling and control systems for SCR systems will further reduce tailpipe emissions below existing Tier structures and will prepare manufacturers to meet increasingly stringent Tier 3 standards beginning in 2017. SCR reduces oxides of Nitrogen, NO, and NO2, from otherwise untreated Diesel emissions. Scientific study has proved that inhaling this harmful exhaust gas is directly responsible for some forms of lung cancer and a variety of other respiratory diseases. In addition to EPA Tier emissions levels and CAFÉ standards, the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) regulations require every vehicle’s emission control systems to actively report their status during all engine-on vehicle operation. Testing and development with production NOx sensors and production SCR components is critical to improving NOx reduction and for OEMs to meeting strict Tier 3 light duty emission standards. The test stand was designed for straightforward access to the NOx sensors, injector, pump and all exhaust components. A Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) followed by a Diesel Oxidizing Catalyst (DOC) precedes the Selective Catalytic Reducer (SCR) injector, mixing pipe and catalyst. An upstream NOx sensor reads engine-out NOx and the downstream NOx sensor reports the post catalyst NOx levels. Custom fabrication work was required to integrate the SCR mechanical components into a simple system with exhaust components easily accessible in a repeatable, controlled laboratory environment. A Diesel generator was used in combination with a custom designed resistive load bank to provide variable NOx emissions according to the EPA drive cycles. A production exhaust temperature sensor was calibrated and integrated into the software test manager. Production automotive NOx sensors and SCR injector, pump and heaters were mounted on a production light duty vehicle exhaust system. The normalized nature of NOx concentration in parts per million (ppm) allows the small Diesel generator to adequately represent larger Diesels for controls development purposes. Both signal level and power electronics were designed and tested to operate the SCR pump, injector, and three Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) heating elements. An Arduino-based Controller Area Network (CAN) communications network read the NOx Diesel emissions messages from the upstream and downstream sensors. The pump, injector, solenoid, and line heaters all functioned properly during DEF fluid injection. CAN and standard serial communications were used for Arduino and Matlab/Simulink based control and data logging software. Initial testing demonstrated partial and full NOx reduction. Overspray saturated the catalyst and demonstrated the production NOx sensor’s cross-sensitivity to ammonia. The ammonia was indistinguishable from NOx during saturation and motivates incorporation of a separate ammonia sensor.

Analysis of emissions from various driving cycles based on real driving measurements obtained in a high-altitude city

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Lyu ◽  
Xiaofeng Bao ◽  
Yunjing Wang ◽  
Ronald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
And Control ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Vehicle emissions standards and regulations remain weak in high-altitude regions. In this study, vehicle emissions from both the New European Driving Cycle and the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty driving Test Cycle were analyzed by employing on-road test data collected from typical roads in a high-altitude city. On-road measurements were conducted on five light-duty vehicles using a portable emissions measurement system. The certification cycle parameters were synthesized from real-world driving data using the vehicle specific power methodology. The analysis revealed that under real-world driving conditions, all emissions were generally higher than the estimated values for both the New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonized Light-duty driving Test Cycle. Concerning emissions standards, more CO, NOx, and hydrocarbons were emitted by China 3 vehicles than by China 4 vehicles, whereas the CO2 emissions exhibited interesting trends with vehicle displacement and emissions standards. These results have potential implications for policymakers in regard to vehicle emissions management and control strategies aimed at emissions reduction, fleet inspection, and maintenance programs.

Variation and Control of Small Gasoline Engine Emissions Performance in the Plateau Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2022-2025
Author(s):  
Chong Shang Li ◽  
Sheng Ji Liu ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Specific Emissions ◽  
And Control

When small gasoline engines using carburettor are operated in the plateau region, the air intake and fuel supply have different decrease with the altitude increase, and the mixture thicken and the emissions increase. Take outboard marine gasoline engine F15 as an example, the quantitative relationship comparing engines operated on the plateau region to on the plain in same mixing ratio are shown, which includes the power, specific fuel consumption, and CO, HC, NOx specific emissions. And fuel system correction methods are come out to meet EPA emission regulations in different altitudes.

Development strategies to satisfy corporate average CO2 emission regulations of light duty vehicles (LDVs) in Korea

Energy Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjung Oh ◽  
Junhong Park ◽  
Jong Tae Lee ◽  
Jigu Seo ◽  
Sungwook Park
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

NOX emission analysis according to after-treatment devices (SCR, LNT + SCR, SDPF), and control strategies in Euro-6 light-duty diesel vehicles

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 122297
Author(s):  
Hyung Jun Kim ◽  
Seongin Jo ◽  
Sangil Kwon ◽  
Jong-Tae Lee ◽  
Suhan Park
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
And Control

Numerical Investigation of Advanced Compressor Technologies to Meet Future Diesel Emission Regulations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Jiao ◽  
Xianguo Li ◽  
Harold Sun ◽  
Tim Schram ◽  
Eric Krivitzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Diesel Emission

scholarly journals Assessing the effectiveness of vehicle emission regulations on improving perinatal health: a population-based accountability study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D Willis ◽  
Elaine L Hill ◽  
Molly L Kile ◽  
Susan Carozza ◽  
Perry Hystad
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Residual Confounding ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Since the 1990s, extensive regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been implemented, yet the effectiveness of these regulations has not been assessed with respect to improving infant health. In this study, we evaluate how infant health risks associated with maternal residences near highways during pregnancy have changed over time. Methods We created a population-based retrospective birth cohort with geocoded residential addresses in Texan metropolitan areas from 1996 through 2009 (n = 2 259 411). We compared term birthweight (37–42 weeks of gestation) among maternal residences <300 m from a highway (high TRAP exposure) (n = 394 346) and 500–3500 m from a highway (comparison group) (n = 1 865 065). We implemented linear regressions to evaluate interactions between high TRAP exposure and birth year, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status and neighbourhood context. In addition, we used propensity score matching to further reduce residual confounding. Results From 1996 to 2009, outdoor NO2 decreased by 51.3%, based on regulatory monitoring data in Texas. Among pregnant women who resided in the high TRAP zone during pregnancy, interaction terms between residential location and birth year show that birthweight increased by 1.1 g [95% confidence interval CI): 0.7, 1.5) in unadjusted models and 0.3 g (95% CI: 0.0, 0.6) in matched models. Time-stratified models also show decreasing impacts of living in high TRAP areas on birthweight when comparing infants born in 1996–97 with 2008–09. Sensitivity analyses with alternative exposure and control groups show consistent results. Conclusions Infant health risks associated with maternal residence near highways have reduced over time, paralleling regulatory measures to improve exhaust pipe emissions.

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