Analysis of the Relationship between Energy Absorbing Components and Vehicle Crash Response

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuolong Wei ◽  
Hamid Reza Karimi ◽  
Kjell Gunnar Robbersmyr
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Crash Response ◽  
The Relationship

The Dependence of the Energy-Absorption Capacity of Metal Hollow Sphere Materials on their Relative Density

2007 ◽  
Vol 340-341 ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
T.X. Yu ◽  
D. Karagiozova ◽  
Z.Y. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Plateau Stress ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Experimental, numerical and theoretical analyses are carried out to obtain the relationship between the stress and relative density of metal hollow sphere (MHS) materials during their large plastic deformation in order to estimate the energy absorbing capacity of these materials under uniaxial compression. Based on a numerical parametric analysis empirical functions of the relative material density are proposed for the elastic modulus, yield strength and ‘plateau’ stress for FCC packing arrangement. Analytical stress-strain dependences are suggested for the yield strength and material strain hardening properties as functions of the relative density of MHS materials under uniaxial compression.

Earthquake Load Reduction Effects of Boiler Structures by High Energy Absorbing Seismic Ties

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Aida ◽  
Kodai Kawate ◽  
Yuichi Hiyoshi ◽  
Kotaro Kawamura ◽  
Satoshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Time History ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Relationship

Seismic ties are steel energy absorbing devices installed between the boiler and its support structure. This paper deals with the relationship between the energy absorption of a new type of seismic tie (made of low yield strength steel and with an optimized I-sectional shape) and its reduction effect on the resultant shear force of the support structure. To quantify the relationship between the energy absorption and the reduction effect on the resultant shear force, time-history analyses using a lumped mass vibration model that simulates the boiler structure, were performed for three representative design seismic waves (The largest class (level 2) waves of Taft, El Centro and Hachinohe earthquakes). The time-history analysis results demonstrated that the energy absorption increasing rates of the new seismic ties were correlated quantitatively with the shear force reduction rates of the support structure for the three design seismic waves.

Newer Model Years Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities among Older Drivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (33) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette A. Fausto ◽  
Brian C. Tefft
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Model Year ◽  
The Relationship

Older drivers are a growing and particularly vulnerable population. Advances in vehicle safety may reduce the risk of death in the event of a motor vehicle crash (MVC). Although previous studies have identified a relationship between increasing model years and decreased risk of death in MVC among adult drivers, this relationship has not been quantified among older drivers. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vehicle model year and the risk of death among drivers aged 65 years and older who were involved in MVCs in the United States from 2010 to 2015. Data were from a census of all fatal MVCs and a representative sample of all police-reported crashes nationwide. Drivers were stratified into five age groups (65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and 85+). Vehicles examined were cars, sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks, and vans. Overall, older drivers driving vehicles older than model year 1990 were more than twice as likely to be killed in a crash as individuals driving vehicles of model years 2000 to 2009. Older drivers driving vehicles of model years 2010 and newer had 46% lower risk of MVC death than those driving vehicles of model year 2000 to 2009. The relationship between vehicle model year and risk of death in a crash varied by driver age and vehicle type, however, the same overall patterns were observed for all age groups and vehicle types examined. These findings suggest that older adults are responsive to improvements in vehicle safety.

The Effect of Sintering Condition on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Porous Nickel

2018 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Salehi ◽  
Ahmad Moloodi ◽  
Faezeh Barzegar ◽  
Jalal Mirabbasi
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Neutral Atmosphere ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Nickel Foams ◽  
Edx Analyses ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sintering Condition

The relationship between temperature of sintering in neutral atmosphere and compression strength has been investigated for nickel foams produced by electrodeposition on an organic foam. The as-plated nickel foams are sintered at 600and 1000 in order to eliminate polyurethane and enhance ductility. The results show that the compression strength is significantly influenced by sintering temperature. The most ductile sample is gained by sintering at 600. In addition, samples sintered at this temperature have the higher energy absorbing capability. EDX analyses show that oxygen element raised from oxidation in high temperature presents in specimen sintered at 1000. Hollow struts are obvious in SEM image of treated foams. Keywords: Nickel foam, electrodeposition, EDX, Compression test

Combining Clinical Neuroimaging and Real-World Impact Data to Investigate Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian E. Urban ◽  
Christopher T. Whitlow ◽  
Joseph A. Maldjian ◽  
Alexander K. Powers ◽  
Joel D. Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Impact Data ◽  
The Relationship

Approximately 1.7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, with motor vehicle crash (MVC) representing the leading cause for hospitalization. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most common AIS 3+ injury resulting from MVC-related trauma. Little is known, however, about the relationship between specific crash parameters and resulting intracranial trauma. Yoganandan et al performed a study of 132 occupants with severe-to-fatal head injuries, showing that direct contact loading of the head results in a high percentage of occupants with brain injury with the most frequent contact being the pillars[1]. A study by Morris et al showed almost one-quarter of severe head injuries occur due to contact with an interior vehicle structure. Additionally, injuries that are more diffuse in nature occur with an interior contact within the vehicle[2]. In this study, SAH volume in addition to total injured volume of the brain was analyzed in order to better understand occupant injury, with the hypothesis that these traumatic neuroimaging findings would correlate with specific crash parameters.

Crash Energy Absorption of Braided Composite Tubes and its Application in Vehicle Passive Safety

2012 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 659-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Liang Jin Gui ◽  
Zi Jie Fan ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Jing Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Composite Tubes ◽  
Braided Composite ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Crash Response

Braided composite tubular structures are of interest as viable energy absorbing components to improve vehicle passive safety. Unfortunately, there are many difficulties in predicting the crash response of braided composite tubes. In this study, a progressive failure model for braided composite materials, which had been implemented as a user material model in ABAQUS/Explicit, was used to simulate the axial crash response of braided composite tubes. It was shown that the model adequately captured the failure characteristics (such as matrix cracking, fiber fracturing and delamination) and energy absorption of braided composite tubes under axial compression. In addition, the simulation results show that braided composites have higher energy absorption performance compared to traditional metals.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

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