The Impact of Fuel Properties from Chinese Market on the Particulate and VOCs Emissions of a PFI and a DIG Engine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinhui Wang ◽  
Rong Zheng ◽  
Shi-Jin Shuai ◽  
Yanhong Qin ◽  
Jianfei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Fuel Properties on the Composition of Soot Produced by the Combustion of Residential Solid Fuels in a Domestic Stove

2016 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Atiku ◽  
E.J.S. Mitchell ◽  
A.R. Lea-Langton ◽  
J.M. Jones ◽  
A. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Domestic Stove ◽  
The Impact

Branding Cultural Products in International Markets: A Study of Hollywood Movies in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Weihe Gao ◽  
Li Ji ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Qi Sun
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Box Office ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Hollywood Movies ◽  
The Impact

Cultural products are a major component of the world economy and are responsible for a growing share of U.S. exports. The authors examine brand name strategies when cultural products are marketed in foreign countries. Incorporating the unique characteristics of these products, the authors develop a theoretical framework that integrates similarity, which focuses on how the translated brand name relates to the original brand name, and informativeness, which focuses on how the translated brand name reveals product content, to study the impact of brand name translations. The authors analyze Hollywood movies shown in China from 2011 to 2018. The results show that higher similarity leads to higher Chinese box office revenue, and this effect is stronger for movies that perform better in the home market (i.e., the United States). When the translated title is more informative about the movie, the Chinese box office revenue increases. The informativeness effect is stronger for Hollywood movies with greater cultural gap in the Chinese market. Moreover, both similarity and informativeness effects are strongest when the movie is released and reduce over time. This research provides valuable guidance to companies, managers, and policy makers in cultural product industries as well as those in international marketing.

scholarly journals Information Transfer between Stock Market Sectors: A Comparison between the USA and China

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Yue ◽  
Yaodong Fan ◽  
Jonathan A. Batten ◽  
Wei-Xing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Stock Markets ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Information diffusion within financial markets plays a crucial role in the process of price formation and the propagation of sentiment and risk. We perform a comparative analysis of information transfer between industry sectors of the Chinese and the USA stock markets, using daily sector indices for the period from 2000 to 2017. The information flow from one sector to another is measured by the transfer entropy of the daily returns of the two sector indices. We find that the most active sector in information exchange (i.e., the largest total information inflow and outflow) is the non-bank financial sector in the Chinese market and the technology sector in the USA market. This is consistent with the role of the non-bank sector in corporate financing in China and the impact of technological innovation in the USA. In each market, the most active sector is also the largest information sink that has the largest information inflow (i.e., inflow minus outflow). In contrast, we identify that the main information source is the bank sector in the Chinese market and the energy sector in the USA market. In the case of China, this is due to the importance of net bank lending as a signal of corporate activity and the role of energy pricing in affecting corporate profitability. There are sectors such as the real estate sector that could be an information sink in one market but an information source in the other, showing the complex behavior of different markets. Overall, these findings show that stock markets are more synchronized, or ordered, during periods of turmoil than during periods of stability.

Implications of  the U.S.–China Trade War  for  Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Wen-jen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The ongoing U.S.-China trade war and ensuing high-tech conflicts are regarded as Taiwan's most crucial opportunity to slow down its progressively increasing economic dependence on China. The impact of the U.S.–China trade tensions on Taiwan are important to analyze because of Taiwan's relatively unique political and economic relationships with the United States and China, especially since the latter views Taiwan as its “breakaway province.” The regression results indicate that Taiwan's outward investment to China is significantly affected by Taiwan's lagged investment and exports to China, and the gap in the economic growth rates between Taiwan and China. Policy implications are provided for Taiwan to alleviate its economic dependency on the Chinese market and the negative impact from the U.S.-China trade war.

Predicted Qualitative Effects of Alternate Liquid Fuels on Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

It is always desirable for a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine, such as a diesel engine, to possess a capability of using alternate liquid fuels without significant hardware modification to the engine baseline. Because fuel properties vary between various types of liquid fuels, it is important to understand the impact and effects of the fuel properties on engine operating and output parameters. This paper intends and attempts to achieve that understanding and to predict the qualitative effects by studying analytically and qualitatively how a heavy-duty compression-ignition engine would respond to the variation of fuel properties. The fuel properties considered in this paper mainly include the fuel density, compressibility, heating value, viscosity, cetane number, and distillation temperature range. The qualitative direct and end effects of the fuel properties on engine bulk fuel injection, in-cylinder combustion, and outputs are analyzed and predicted. Understanding these effects can be useful in analyzing and designing a compression-ignition engine for using alternate liquid fuels.

Modeling Fuel Effects in a Diesel Engine Using Multi-Component Fuel Surrogates in CFD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik V. Puduppakkam ◽  
Chitralkumar V. Naik ◽  
Ellen Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Fuel Property ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Fuel Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Surrogates

A continued challenge to engine combustion simulation is predicting the impact of fuel-composition variability on performance and emissions. Diesel fuel properties, such as cetane number, aromatic content and volatility, significantly impact combustion phasing and emissions. Capturing such fuel property effects is critical to predictive engine combustion modeling. In this work, we focus on accurately modeling diesel fuel effects on combustion and emissions. Engine modeling is performed with 3D CFD using multi-component fuel models, and detailed chemical kinetics. Diesel FACE fuels (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) have been considered in this study as representative of street fuel variability. The CFD modeling simulates experiments performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) [1] using the diesel FACE fuels in a light-duty single-cylinder direct-injection engine. These ORNL experiments evaluated fuel effects on combustion phasing and emissions. The actual FACE fuels are used directly in engine experiments while surrogate-fuel blends that are tailored to represent the FACE fuels are used in the modeling. The 3D CFD simulations include spray dynamics and turbulent mixing. We first establish a methodology to define a model fuel that captures diesel fuel property effects. Such a model should be practically useful in terms of acceptable computational turnaround time in engine CFD simulations, even as we use sophisticated fuel surrogates and detailed chemistry. Towards these goals, multi-component fuel surrogates have been developed for several FACE fuels, where the associated kinetics mechanisms are available in a model-fuels database. A surrogate blending technique has been employed to generate the multi-component surrogates, so that they match selected FACE fuel properties such as cetane number, chemical classes such as aromatics content, T50 and T90 distillation points, lower heating value and H/C molar ratio. Starting from a well validated comprehensive gas-phase chemistry, an automated method has been used for extracting a reduced chemistry that satisfies desired accuracy and is reasonable for use in CFD. Results show the level of modeling necessary to capture fuel-property trends under these widely varying engine conditions.

scholarly journals Waste to Carbon: Biocoal from Elephant Dung as New Cooking Fuel

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stępień ◽  
Świechowski ◽  
Hnat ◽  
Kugler ◽  
Stegenta-Dąbrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elephant Dung

The paper presents, for the first time, the results of fuel characteristics of biochars from torrefaction (a.k.a., roasting or low-temperature pyrolysis) of elephant dung (manure). Elephant dung could be processed and valorized by torrefaction to produce fuel with improved qualities for cooking. The work aimed to examine the possibility of using torrefaction to (1) valorize elephant waste and to (2) determine the impact of technological parameters (temperature and duration of the torrefaction process) on the waste conversion rate and fuel properties of resulting biochar (biocoal). In addition, the influence of temperature on the kinetics of the torrefaction and its energy consumption was examined. The lab-scale experiment was based on the production of biocoals at six temperatures (200–300 °C; 20 °C interval) and three process durations of the torrefaction (20, 40, 60 min). The generated biocoals were characterized in terms of moisture content, organic matter, ash, and higher heating values. In addition, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were also used for process kinetics assessment. The results show that torrefaction is a feasible method for elephant dung valorization and it could be used as fuel. The process temperature ranging from 200 to 260 °C did not affect the key fuel properties (high heating value, HHV, HHVdaf, regardless of the process duration), i.e., important practical information for proposed low-tech applications. However, the higher heating values of the biocoal decreased above 260 °C. Further research is needed regarding the torrefaction of elephant dung focused on scaling up, techno-economic analyses, and the possibility of improving access to reliable energy sources in rural areas.

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