Effect of Piston Bowl Shape, Swirl Ratio and Spray Angle on Combustion and Emission in Off Road Diesel Engine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Ali Quazi ◽  
Shakti Kumar Singh ◽  
Mangeshkumar Jadhao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Piston Bowl

A Computational Investigation of Piston Bowl Geometry for a Large Bore Two-Cycle Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dolak ◽  
Deep Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Advanced Combustion ◽  
Combustion Simulation ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The objective of this research was to optimize an Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) large-bore, two-cycle diesel engine (710 cubic inches of displacement per cylinder) at high load to minimize soot, nitrogen oxide (NOx) and fuel consumption. The variables considered were the number of spray-hole nozzles per injector, including spray angle and piston bowl geometry, for a range of injection pressures. Analytical simulations were conducted for a calibrated EMD 710 Tier 2 engine and a few of the top-performing cases were studied in detail. CONVERGE™, a commercially available, advanced combustion simulation software was used in this analysis. A surface deforming tool, Sculptor®, was used to obtain various piston bowl geometries. MiniTab® was utilized for statistical analysis. Results show that optimal combinations of injection variables and piston bowl shape exist to simultaneously reduce emissions and fuel consumption compared to Tier 2 EMD 710 engines. These configurations will be further tested in a single-cylinder test cell and presented later. This investigation shows the importance of bowl geometry and spray targeting on emissions and fuel consumption for large-bore, two-stroke engines with high power density.

A Computational Investigation of Piston Bowl Geometry and Injector Spray Pattern Effects on Gasoline Compression Ignition in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yuanjiang Pei ◽  
Meng Tang ◽  
Michael Traver
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Spray Pattern ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Abstract This study computationally investigates the potential of utilizing gasoline compression ignition (GCI) in a heavy-duty diesel engine to address a future ultra-low tailpipe NOx standard of 0.027 g/kWh while achieving high fuel efficiency. By conducting closed-cycle, full-geometry, 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combustion simulations, the effects of piston bowl geometry, injector spray pattern, and swirl ratio (SR) were investigated for a market gasoline. The simulations were performed at 1375 rpm over a load range from 5 to 15 bar BMEP. The engine compression ratio (CR) was increased from 15.7 used in previous work to 16.5 for this study. Two piston bowl concepts were studied with Design 1 attained by simply scaling from the baseline 15.7 CR piston bowl, and Design 2 exploring a wider and shallower combustion chamber design. The simulation results predicted that through a combination of the wider and shallower piston bowl design, a 14-hole injector spray pattern, and a swirl ratio of 1, Design 2 would lead to a 2–7% indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) improvement over the baseline by reducing the spray-wall interactions and lowering the in-cylinder heat transfer loss. Design 1 (10-hole and SR2) showed a more moderate ISFC reduction of 1–4% by increasing CR and the number of nozzle holes. The predicted fuel efficiency benefit of Design 2 was found to be more pronounced at low to medium loads.

Effect of Piston Bowl Shape and Swirl Ratio on Engine Heat Transfer in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helgi Skuli Fridriksson ◽  
Martin Tuner ◽  
Oivind Andersson ◽  
Bengt Sunden ◽  
Hakan Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Light Duty

scholarly journals Influence of narrow fuel spray angle and split injection strategies on combustion efficiency and engine performance in a common rail direct injection diesel engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Mobasheri
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Split Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Injection Strategies

Direct injection diesel engines have been widely used in transportation and stationary power systems because of their inherent high thermal efficiency. On the other hand, emission regulations such as NOx and particulates have become more stringent from the standpoint of preserving the environment in recent years. In this study, previous results of multiple injection strategies have been further investigated to analyze the effects of narrow fuel spray angle on optimum multiple injection schemes in a heavy duty common rail direct injection diesel engine. An advanced computational fluid dynamics simulation has been carried out on a Caterpillar 3401 diesel engine for a conventional part load condition in 1600 r/min at two exhaust gas recirculation rates. A good agreement of calculated and measured in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and pollutant formation trends was obtained under various operating points. Three different included spray angles have been studied in comparison with the traditional spray injection angle. The results show that spray targeting is very effective for controlling the in-cylinder mixture distributions especially when it accompanied with various injection strategies. It was found that the optimum engine performance for simultaneous reduction of soot and NOx emissions was achieved with 105° included spray angle along with an optimized split injection strategy. The results show, in this case, the fuel spray impinges at the edge of the piston bowl and a counterclockwise flow motion is generated that pushes mixture toward the center of the piston bowl.

High Efficiency Two-Valve DI Diesel Engine for Off-Road Application Complying With Upcoming Emission Limits

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Marco Bianchi ◽  
Giulio Cazzoli ◽  
Claudio Forte ◽  
Marco Costa ◽  
Marcello Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Swirl Ratio ◽  
Emission Standard ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Soot Emissions ◽  
Emission Limits

Nowadays, environmental concerns are posing a great challenge to DI Diesel engines. Increasingly tightening emission limits require a higher attention on combustion efficiency. In this scenario, computational fluid-dynamics can prove its power guaranteeing a deeper understanding of mixture formation process and combustion. A high efficiency Diesel engine can be developed only mastering all the parameters that can affect the combustion and, therefore, NOx and soot emissions. In this work, the development of an engine in order to fulfill Tier 4i emission standard will be presented. Originally, the engine was a two-valve engine supplied with a DPF. Since no SCR aftertreatment is supplied, NOx emission target are achieved through external exhaust gas recirculation and retarding the start of injection. In order to fulfill Tier 4i emissions, the main concern is on soot emission and, thus, the combustion chamber has been re-designed, through CFD simulations, leading to a better interaction between the flow field, the fuel spray and the piston bowl geometry. Particularly, through intake phase simulations, performed with the CFD code Fire v2009 v3, different intake ducts, with different swirl ratio, have been simulated in order to provide a flow field as realistic as possible for the combustion simulations. Through combustion process simulations, performed with the CFD code Kiva, by varying different parameters the interaction between the swirl flow field, generated by the intake duct, the reverse squish motion, and motions aerodynamically generated by spray has been investigated leading to the definition of a new engine lay-out. The study shows how, given the need of retarded injection for limiting NOx emission, the decrease of swirl ratio, when combined with a proper piston bowl design, allows a significant decrease of soot emissions and the achievement of Tier 4i emission standard.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of injection parameters and piston bowl geometries on emission and thermal performance of DI diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikhtedar Husain Rizvi ◽  
Rajesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Nozzle ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Injection Parameters ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
Engine Emission

AbstractTightening noose on engine emission norms compelled manufacturers globally to design engines with low emission specially NOx and soot without compromising their performance. Amongst various parameters, shape of piston bowls, injection pressure and nozzle diameter are known to have significant influence over the thermal performance and emission emanating from the engine. This paper investigates the combined effect of fuel injection parameters such as pressure at which fuel is injected and the injection nozzle size along with shape of piston bowl on engine emission and performance. Numerical simulation is carried out using one cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine using AVL FIRE commercial code. Three geometries of piston bowls with different tumble and swirl characteristics are considered while maintaining the volume of piston bowl, compression ratio, engine speed and fuel injected mass constant along with equal number of variations for injection nozzle size and pressures for this analysis. The investigation corroborates that high swirl and large turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) are crucial for better combustion. TKE and equivalence ratio also increased as the injection pressure increases during the injection period, hence, enhances combustion and reduces soot formation. Increase in nozzle diameter produces higher TKE and equivalence ratio, while CO and soot emission are found to be decreasing and NOx formation to be increasing. Further, optimization is carried out for twenty-seven cases created by combining fuel injection parameters and piston bowl geometries. The case D2H1P1 (H1 = 0.2 mm, P1 = 200 bar) found to be an optimum case because of its lowest emission level with slightly better performance.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of the Nozzle Diameter and Swirl Ratio on the Combustion Process for an Opposed-piston Two-stroke Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 542-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Changlu Zhao ◽  
Zhaoyi Xie ◽  
Fujun Zhang ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Swirl Ratio
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