Oxidation Stability of Diesel/Biodiesel Blends: Impact of Fuels Physical-Chemical Properties over Ageing During Storage and Accelerated Oxidation

Abstract The concent rat ions of hexachloroethane (HCE), hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachlorobenzene (QCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) in large volume water samples show that the major sources of these chemicals to the St. Clair River are Dow Chemical Company effluents and, to a lesser degree, Sarnia’s Township ditch which drains one of Dow’s waste disposal sites. Tributaries entering the river on both sides of the Canada/United States border contain measurable concentrations of these chemicals indicating low level contamination throughout the area. The degree of water/suspended sediment partitioning of the chemicals (Kp) was studied. Kp values for the individual chemicals changed in a manner consistent with changes in their physical-chemical properties.

Download Full-text

Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520619666191028112258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 1340-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ponnurengam M. Sivakumar ◽

Matin Islami ◽

Ali Zarrabi ◽

Arezoo Khosravi ◽

Shohreh Peimanfard

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Hydrophilic Polymer ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Cancer Theranostics

Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

Download Full-text

Chemical and Physical Properties of Some Hazelnut Varieties Grown in Portugal

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1476

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽

Raquel P. F. Guiné ◽

Elsa Ramalhosa ◽

Arminda Lopes ◽

Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Activity ◽

Induction Time ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Hazelnuts are one of the most appreciated nuts worldwide due to their unique organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The present work intended to analyse several physical and chemical properties of different hazelnut varieties grown in Portugal, namely Tonda de Giffoni, Grada de Viseu, Segorbe, Longa de Espanha, Butler, Gunslebert, and Negreta. In general, the results revealed statistically significant differences between the varieties under study. The Gunslebert had more elongated hazelnuts and with heavier shelled fruits, while the kernels of the Grada de Viseu revealed to be heavier. Grada de Viseu was harder in the shell, Gunslebert had a harder core, and Segorbe was more resistant to fracture. Fat was the more representative component for all varieties and in some cases the values of moisture and water activity were over the recommended amount (≥0.62). Tonda de Giffoni was the variety with the highest induction time, indicating the highest oxidation stability. Moreover, discriminant analysis revealed that the variables more important to distinguish the varieties were protein (λ = 0.007) and water activity (λ = 0.010). The results of this study help to better understand the differences between some hazelnut varieties that are cultivated in Portugal, which gives important hints for all players in the hazelnut sector.

Download Full-text

Shellfish Chitosan Potential in Wine Clarification

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4417

Author(s):

Veronica Vendramin ◽

Gaia Spinato ◽

Simone Vincenzi

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Allergic Reactions ◽

Chitin Content ◽

Deacetylation Degree ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Fungal Chitosan ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fish Industry

Chitosan is a chitin-derived fiber, extracted from the shellfish shells, a by-product of the fish industry, or from fungi grown in bioreactors. In oenology, it is used for the control of Brettanomyces spp., for the prevention of ferric, copper, and protein casse and for clarification. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine established the exclusive utilization of fungal chitosan to avoid the eventuality of allergic reactions. This work focuses on the differences between two chitosan categories, fungal and animal chitosan, characterizing several samples in terms of chitin content and degree of deacetylation. In addition, different acids were used to dissolve chitosans, and their effect on viscosity and on the efficacy in wine clarification were observed. The results demonstrated that even if fungal and animal chitosans shared similar chemical properties (deacetylation degree and chitin content), they showed different viscosity depending on their molecular weight but also on the acid used to dissolve them. A significant difference was discovered on their fining properties, as animal chitosans showed a faster and greater sedimentation compared to the fungal ones, independently from the acid used for their dissolution. This suggests that physical–chemical differences in the molecular structure occur between the two chitosan categories and that this significantly affects their technologic (oenological) properties.

Download Full-text