Valve-Event Modulated Boost System: Fuel Consumption and Performance with Scavenge-Sourced EGR

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Roth ◽  
Michael Becker
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Valve Event

scholarly journals Optimal and prototype dimensioning of 48V P0+P4 hybrid drivetrains

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Matthias Werra ◽  
Axel Sturm ◽  
Ferit Küçükay
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Machine ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
And Performance

Abstract This paper presents a virtual toolchain for the optimal concept and prototype dimensioning of 48 V hybrid drivetrains. First, this toolchain is used to dimension the drivetrain components for a 48 V P0+P4 hybrid which combines an electric machine in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine and a second electric machine at the rear axle. On an optimal concept level, the power and gear ratios of the electric components in the 48 V system are defined for the best fuel consumption and performance. In the second step, the optimal P0+P4 drivetrain is simulated with a prototype model using a realistic rule-based operating strategy to determine realistic behavior in legal cycles and customer operation. The optimal variant shows a fuel consumption reduction in the Worldwide harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle of 13.6 % compared to a conventional vehicle whereas the prototype simulation shows a relatively higher savings potential of 14.8 %. In the prototype simulation for customer operation, the 48 V hybrid drivetrain reduces the fuel consumption by up to 24.6 % in urban areas due to a high amount of launching and braking events. Extra-urban and highway areas show fuel reductions up to 11.6 % and 4.2 %, respectively due to higher vehicle speed and power requirements. The presented virtual toolchain can be used to combine optimal concept dimensioning with close to reality behaviour simulations to maximise realistic statements and minimize time effort.

scholarly journals Experimental study on noise reduction and performance enhancement for internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Ioan Radu Şugar ◽  
Mihai Banica
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
And Performance

As the number of cars increases and large cities become more and more crowded, noise reduction becomes more and more important. The decrease of the fuel consumption and the increase of power to the same cylindrical capacity are always current topics. This paper’s aim is to bring a contribution to solving these problems. The proposed solution consists in the use of ceramic materials in the design of the combustion chamber.

scholarly journals The Technological Progress of the Fuel Consumption Rate for Passenger Vehicles in China: 2009–2016

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihu Zheng ◽  
Rujie Yu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Yuhong Zou ◽  
Dongchang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

China has set stringent fuel consumption rate (FCR) targets to address the serious environmental and energy security problems caused by vehicles. Estimating the technological progress and tradeoffs between FCR and vehicle attributes is important for assessing the viability of meeting future targets. In this paper, we explored the relationship between vehicle FCR and other attributes using a regression model with data from 2009–2016. We also quantified the difference in the tradeoff between local and joint venture brands. The result showed that from 2009 to 2016, if power and curb mass were held constant, 2.3% and 2.9% annual technological progress should have been achieved for local and joint venture brands, respectively. The effectiveness of fuel-efficient technologies for joint venture brands is generally better than that of local brands. Impacts of other attributes on FCR were also assessed. The joint venture brands made more technological progress with FCR improvement than that of local brands. Even if 100% of technological progress (assume the technological progress in the future were the same as that of 2009–2016) investment were used to improve actual FCR after 2016, it would be difficult to meet 2020 target. Accelerating the adoption of fuel-efficient technologies, and controlling weight and performance, are both needed to achieve the 2020 and 2025 targets.

Assessing the Effect of E22 Fuel on Two-Stroke and Four-Stroke Snowmobile Performance and Emissions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Rittenour ◽  
James C. Weber ◽  
Scott A. Miers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Feedback Controls ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Emissions And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recreational Vehicle

A limited amount of information exists on the effect of higher ethanol content fuel (greater than 10 vol%) for recreational vehicle engines. The possibility exists for misfueling of these vehicles, as ethanol content may increase at gas stations in the near future. Engine management systems in the recreational vehicle market are typically not equipped with feedback controls to adapt to the increased ethanol content. To address this concern and generate preliminary data related directly to the recreational industry, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of E22 fuel on steady-state emissions and performance of two production snowmobiles. To fully analyze the impact of higher ethanol blends, cold-start, durability, and material compatibility tests should be performed, in conjunction with emissions and performance tests. While these additional tests were not performed as part of this study, there is a test program that is assessing all these factors on E15 fuel, which will be released in fall 2012. E0 fuel was used to establish baseline performance and emissions data. A 2009 four-stroke snowmobile with a 998cc, liquid-cooled, four-cylinder, intake port-fuel injected engine and a 2009 two-stroke snowmobile with a 599cc, liquid-cooled, two-cylinder, electronically controlled, crankcase-fuel injected engine were used for this study. Neither vehicle had any feedback air-fuel controls or after-treatment devices in the exhaust system. Power, fuel consumption, relevant engine temperatures, as well as, regulated exhaust emissions were recorded using the EPA 5-mode certification test cycle. The data showed no major impact on power output for either the four-stroke or two-stroke snowmobile. Brake specific fuel consumption varied with E22 as compared to E0. A reduction in CO emissions for both vehicles was observed for the E22 fuel. Both vehicles were factory calibrated rich of stoichiometric and hence, the addition of ethanol to the fuel effectively leaned out the air/fuel ratio and thus reduced the CO emissions. HC emissions were reduced for both the four-stroke and two-stroke engines, though certain test points of the two-stroke engine produced HC emissions that exceeded the analyzer measurement range (idle). Leaner operation reduced HC formation. Exhaust gas temperatures were observed to increase from 20°C – 50°C with E22 fuel, due to enleanment.

465Q Gasoline Engine Turbocharger Matching and Performance Calculation

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Qi Zhang ◽  
Dong Hui Zhao ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Yin Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simulation Error ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Performance Calculation ◽  
Supercharged Engine

This article take the Dongan 465Q non-supercharged engine as the research object, the simulation model is built by GT-POWER and the corresponding test bench is set up. The simulation error is less than 3%, which indicates that the parameters of this model is correct, and can be used for further study of the gasoline engine. The supercharger, Garrett GT12, is selected by the matching calculation. The non-supercharged 465Q engine is modified as a turbocharged engine. The test results show that the power and the fuel consumption of the turbocharged engine is improved obviously, whose power is increased by 48% and fuel consumption is reduced by 4%.

A Mechanical Torque Converter, and Its Use as an Automobile Transmission

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Williams ◽  
D. Tipping
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
Output Shaft ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
And Performance

SYNOPSIS A torque converter is described in which the prime mover is directly coupled to a pulsator unit which produces an alternating torque. Sprag-type clutches are used to rectify this torque and to transmit it to the converter output shaft. A developed version of this basic design for use as an automobile automatic transmission is described and theoretical and experimental performance curves are given which show that an automobile drive is possible which approaches a manual transmission for fuel consumption and performance.

scholarly journals Observations on and potential trends for mechanically supercharging a downsized passenger car engine:a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
James WG Turner ◽  
Sam Akehurst ◽  
Chris Brace ◽  
Colin Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Current State ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Swept Volume

Engine downsizing is a proven approach for achieving a superior fuel efficiency. It is conventionally achieved by reducing the swept volume of the engine and by employing some means of increasing the specific output to achieve the desired installed engine power, usually in the form of an exhaust-driven turbocharger. However, because of the perceptible time needed for the turbocharger system to generate the required boost pressure, a characteristic of turbocharged engines is their degraded driveability in comparison with those of their naturally aspirated counterparts. Mechanical supercharging refers to the technology that compresses the intake air using the energy taken directly from the engine crankshaft. It is anticipated that engine downsizing which is realised either solely by a supercharger or by a combination of a supercharger and a turbocharger will enhance a vehicle’s driveability without significantly compromising the fuel consumption at an engine level compared with the downsizing by turbocharging. The capability of the supercharger system to eliminate the high exhaust back pressure, to reduce the pulsation interference and to mitigate the surge issue of a turbocharged engine in a compound-charging system offsets some of the fuel consumption penalty incurred in driving the supercharger. This, combined with an optimised down-speeding strategy, can further improve the fuel efficiency performance of a downsized engine while still enhancing its driveability and performance at a vehicle level. This paper first reviews the fundamentals and the types of supercharger that are currently used, or have been used, in passenger car engines. Next, the relationships between the downsizing, the driveability and the down-speeding are introduced to identify the improved synergies between the engine and the boosting machine. Then, mass production and prototype downsized supercharged passenger car engines are briefly described, followed by a detailed review of the current state-of-the-art supercharging technologies that are in production as opposed to the approaches that are currently only being investigated at a research level. Finally, the trends for mechanically supercharging a passenger car engine are discussed, with the aim of identifying potential development directions for the future. Enhancement of the low-end torque, improvement in the transient driveability and reduction in low-load parasitic losses are the three main development directions for a supercharger system, among which the adoption of a continuously variable transmission to decouple the supercharger speed from the engine speed, improvement of the compressor isentropic and volumetric efficiency and innovation of the supercharger mechanism seem to be the potential trend for mechanically supercharging a passenger car engine.

scholarly journals A Physics-Based Multidisciplinary Approach for the Preliminary Design and Performance Analysis of a Medium Range Aircraft with Box-Wing Architecture

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Karim Abu Salem ◽  
Vittorio Cipolla ◽  
Giuseppe Palaia ◽  
Vincenzo Binante ◽  
Davide Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lifting System

The introduction of disruptive innovations in the transport aviation sector is becoming increasingly necessary. This is because there are many very demanding challenges that the transport aviation system will have to face in the years ahead. In particular, the reduction in pollutant emissions from air transport, and its impact on climate change, clearly must be addressed; moreover, sustainable solutions must be found to meet the constantly increasing demand for air traffic, and to reduce the problem of airport saturation at the same time. These three objectives seem to be in strong contrast with each other; in this paper, the introduction of a disruptive airframe configuration, called PrandtlPlane and based on a box-wing lifting system, is proposed as a solution to face these three challenges. This configuration is a more aerodynamically efficient alternative candidate to conventional aircraft, introducing benefits in terms of fuel consumption and providing the possibility to increase the payload without enlarging the overall aircraft wingspan. The development and analysis of this configuration, applied to a short-to-medium range transport aircraft, is carried out through a multi-fidelity physics-based approach. In particular, following an extensive design activity, the aerodynamic performance in different operating conditions is investigated in detail, the structural behaviour of the lifting system is assessed, and the operating missions of the aircraft are simulated. The same analysis methodologies are used to evaluate the performance of a benchmark aircraft with conventional architecture, with the aim of making direct comparisons with the box-wing aircraft and quantifying the performance differences between the two configurations. Namely, the CeRAS CSR-01, an open-access virtual representation of an A320-like aircraft, is selected as the conventional benchmark. Following such a comparative approach, the paper provides an assessment of the potential benefits of box-wing aircraft in terms of fuel consumption reduction and increase in payload capability. In particular, an increase in payload capability of 66% and a reduction in block fuel per pax km up to 22% is achieved for the PrandtlPlane with respect to the conventional benchmark, while maintaining the same maximum wingspan.

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