Simulation and Physical Measurement of Seamless Passenger Airbag Door Deployment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Guo ◽  
Bing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Measurement ◽  
Passenger Airbag

Development of Pinhole Corrosion Management Using MFL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Desjardins ◽  
Joel Falk ◽  
Vitaly Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux Leakage ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Physical Measurement ◽  
Reporting Accuracy ◽  
Magnetic Modeling ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
Flux Leakage

While In-line Inspection Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) tools have been used for many years to successfully manage corrosion related threats, small pinhole-sized metal-loss anomalies remain a significant concern to pipeline operators. These anomalies can grow undetected to develop leaks and cause significant consequences. The physical dimensions of these anomalies, their proximity to and/or interaction with other nearby anomalies can challenge MFL’s detection and sizing capabilities. Other factors such as tool speed, cleanliness of the line and incorrect assumptions have an impact as well. For pipeline operators to develop effective and efficient mitigation programs and to estimate risks to an asset, the underlying uncertainties in detection and sizing of pinholes need to be well understood. By using magnetic modeling software, the MFL response of metal-loss anomalies can be determined, and the effect of a number of factors such as radial position, wall thickness, depth profile, pipe cleanliness and tool speed on MFL response and reporting accuracy can be determined. This paper investigates these factors to determine the leading causes of uncertainties involved in the detection and sizing of pinhole corrosion. The understanding of these uncertainties should lead to improvements in integrity management of pinhole for pipeline operators. This paper first investigates the physical measurement methodology of MFL tools to understand the limitations of MFL technology. Then, comparisons of actual MFL data with field excavation results were studied, to understand the limitations of specific MFL technologies. Finally, recommendations are made on how to better use and assess MFL results.

scholarly journals Convolution and deconvolution: two mathematical tools to help performing tests in research and industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Fanton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Integral Transforms ◽  
Physical Measurement ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Energy Networks ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject

The concepts of convolution and deconvolution are well known in the field of physical measurement. In particular, they are of interest in the field of metrology, since they can positively influence the performance of the measurement. Numerous mathematical models and computer developments dedicated to convolution and deconvolution have emerged, enabling a more efficient use of experimental data; this in sectors as different as biology, astronomy, manufacturing and energy industries. The subject finds today a new topicality because it has been made accessible to a large public for applications such as processing photographic images. The purpose of this paper is to take into account some recent evolutions such as the introduction of convolution methods in international test standards. Thus, its first part delivers a few reminders of some associated definitions. They concern linear systems properties, and integral transforms. If convolution, in most cases, does not create major calculation problems, deconvolution on the contrary is an inverse problem, and as such needs more attention. The principles of some of the methods available today are exposed. In the third part, illustrations are given on recent examples of applications, belonging to the domain of electrical energy networks and photographic enhancement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lightning Protection Efficacy on Nigerian Installations High Voltage Installations Using Screen and Cone of Protection Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. O. Oyeleye
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Physical Measurement ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Protective System ◽  
Design Values

This study evaluated lightning protective system efficacy on 11kV-132kV substation-power line installation in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria with reference to cloud to ground(C-G) lightning strike (LS) events. It focus on interception of lightning strikes and its protection with reference to direct lightning strike (DLS) and indirect lightning strike (IDLS). Data were collected from Ikorodu 132/33 kV Transmission Substation and its four major injection stations.  This work was carried out using physical measurement of raw data obtained from the high voltage substation. Installations were scaled down and modelled dimensionally using AutoCAD software in order to measure spatial parameters in order to measure the screening of the existing substations and connected lines, as well as the existing cone angles of protection. Probability of lightning efficiency of lightning protective level (LPL) are used for screening evaluation while spike and sky wire angle of protection are used for cone of protection evaluation. Physical measurement of six substations (33/11 kV and 132/33 kV substations) in the studied area were also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the installed lightning arresters with respect to the protected devices using applicable standard. The results under the prevailing lightning protective system, LPS, (screening method), revealed that the existing 33/11 kV and 132/33 kV substations are not adequately protected against lightning strike; 132/33 kV substation is more vulnerable to lightning strike than 33/11kV substation and that the incoming 132kV power lines to the substation are adequately protected. The evaluation of the installed distances of all lightning arresters are within standard range and would adequately protect substation transformers against travelling waves (Indirect Stroke) events. The installed lightning arresters (LAs) would adequately protect substation transformers against travelling waves (Indirect Stroke) events. The adequate protection should be reinforced with proposed design scheme in further study in order to mitigate the disastrous effects of lightning strike. Any proposed design of protective system for electric power installations in Nigeria should be simulated using computer aided design software for scaled validation of dimensional and spatial design values in order to mitigate reported failures and uncertainties in identifying causes of observed failures in the system.

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