Development of Fuel Consumption Test Method Standards for Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicles in China

AbstractHybridization of the drive train in commercial vehicles is a key solution toward meeting the strict future requirements to reduce carbon dioxide emissions within the European Union. In order to decrease fleet consumption a large number of different hybrid systems are already available in series in the passenger car sector. Due to the cheap and powerful 48 volt hybrid components and the lower hazard potential compared to high voltage, future commercial vehicles could also benefit from the 48V technology and contribute to lower fleet fuel consumption. Therefore, a complete 48V mild hybrid system was built on the diesel engine test bench as part of a research project. This paper highlights the utilization of a powerful 48V-motor to propel the coolant pump on a diesel engine of the 13-L commercial vehicle class. Three different drive variants of the coolant pump were implemented and measured on the diesel engine test bench. MATLAB®/Simulink®-simulations were conducted to assess the possible fuel savings in three different driving cycles. This paper provides a summary and interpretation of the measurement and simulation results. The simulation studies predict a decrease of fuel consumption of up to 0.94%. Furthermore, the additional advantages of electrified coolant pumps based on 48V are discussed.

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Optimal Control for a Hydraulic Recuperation System Using Endoreversible Thermodynamics

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5001

Author(s):

Robin Masser ◽

Karl Heinz Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Hydraulic Systems ◽

Commercial Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Drive ◽

Environmental Considerations ◽

Onboard System

Energy savings in the traffic sector are of considerable importance for economic and environmental considerations. Recuperation of mechanical energy in commercial vehicles can contribute to this goal. One promising technology rests on hydraulic systems, in particular for trucks which use such system also for other purposes such as lifting cargo or operating a crane. In this work the potential for energy savings is analyzed for commercial vehicles with tipper bodies, as these already have a hydraulic onboard system. The recuperation system is modeled based on endoreversible thermodynamics, thus providing a framework in which realistic driving data can be incorporated. We further used dissipative engine setups for modeling both the hydraulic and combustion engine of the hybrid drive train in order to include realistic efficiency maps. As a result, reduction in fuel consumption of up to 26% as compared to a simple baseline recuperation strategy can be achieved with an optimized recuperation control.

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Failure mode investigation and re-design of heavy-duty commercial vehicle bogie bracket

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1139/tcsme-2018-0204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 405-415

Author(s):

P. Thangapazham ◽

L.A. Kumaraswamidhas ◽

D. Muruganandam

Keyword(s):

Maximum Stress ◽

Suspension System ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Commercial Vehicles ◽

Road Load ◽

Road Surfaces ◽

Strain Data ◽

Critical Sections ◽

Bracket Base ◽

Base Design

Heavy-duty commercial vehicles play a significant role in commodity logistics. For each of these vehicles, the suspension is the most essential system to support the load and road shock. Bogie type suspension system is employed to safeguard the vehicle from road shock. The bogie bracket is a juncture between the chassis and the axle in the suspension system. The bogie bracket has been identified as a critical part of the suspension system. In the present study, bogie bracket base design and modelling was performed using computer-aided engineering (CAE). The strength of the bogie was tested to identify weaker sections. Design modifications were performed to improve the strength on identified critical sections through reinforcement techniques. A road load data acquisition (RLDA) test was conducted under different road conditions to validate CAE results. Five different rough-road road surfaces were chosen for RLDA testing. Using strain gauges, strain data were acquired during the test. Corresponding stress values were obtained and maximum stress was found in all driving conditions. For the base design bogie bracket, under RLDA test, crack initiation and crack propagation were identified under vertical loads. A reinforced bogie bracket was designed and found to have a higher strength and longer expected life than that of the base design.

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Fuel consumption and friction benefits of low viscosity engine oils for heavy duty applications

Tribology International ◽

10.1016/j.triboint.2017.02.007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 110 ◽

pp. 23-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Bernardo Tormos ◽

Leonardo Ramírez ◽

Jens Johansson ◽

Marcus Björling ◽

Roland Larsson

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Engine Oils ◽

Low Viscosity

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Potential of the Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) Strategy on a Heavy Duty CNG Engine

Volume 1: Applied Mechanics; Automotive Systems; Biomedical Biotechnology Engineering; Computational Mechanics; Design; Digital Manufacturing; Education; Marine and Aerospace Applications ◽

10.1115/esda2014-20217 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Mirko Baratta ◽

Roberto Finesso ◽

Daniela Misul ◽

Ezio Spessa ◽

Yifei Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Intake Valve ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Engine Emissions ◽

Variable Valve Actuation ◽

Cng Engine ◽

Variable Valve ◽

Working Point ◽

Valve Actuation

The environmental concerns officially aroused in 1970s made the control of the engine emissions a major issue for the automotive industry. The corresponding reduction in fuel consumption has become a challenge so as to meet the current and future emission legislations. Given the increasing interest retained by the optimal use of a Variable Valve Actuation (VVA) technology, the present paper investigates into the potentials of combining the VVA solution to CNG fuelling. Experiments and simulations were carried out on a heavy duty 6-cylinders CNG engine equipped with a turbocharger displaying a twin-entry waste-gate-controlled turbine. The analysis aimed at exploring the potentials of the Early Intake Valve Closure (EIVC) mode and to identify advanced solutions for the combustion management as well as for the turbo-matching. The engine model was developed within the GT-Power environment and was finely tuned to reproduce the experimental readings under steady state operations. The 0D-1D model was hence run to reproduce the engine operating conditions at different speeds and loads and to highlight the effect of the VVA on the engine performance as well as on the fuel consumption and engine emissions. Pumping losses proved to reduce to a great extent, thus decreasing the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with respect to the throttled engine. The exhaust temperature at the turbine inlet was kept to an almost constant value and minor variations were allowed. This was meant to avoid an excessive worsening in the TWC working conditions, as well as deterioration in the turbocharger performance during load transients. The numerical results also proved that full load torque increases can be achieved by reducing the spark advance so that a higher enthalpy is delivered to the turbocharger. Similar torque levels were also obtained by means of Early Intake Valve Closing strategy. For the latter case, negligible penalties in the fuel consumption were detected. Moreover, for a given combustion phasing, the IVC angle directly controls the mass-flow rate and thus the torque. On the other hand, a slight dependence on the combustion phasing can be detected at part load. Finally, the simulations assessed for almost constant fuel consumption for a wide range of IVC and SA values. Specific attention was also paid to the turbocharger group functioning and to its correct matching to the engine working point. The simulations showed that the working point on the compressor map can be optimized by properly setting the spark advance (SA) as referred to the adopted intake-valve closing angle. It is anyhow worth observing that the engine high loads set a constraint deriving from the need to meet the limits on the peak firing pressure (PFP), thus limiting the possibility to optimize the working point once the turbo-matching is defined.

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