Effect of Head and Neck Anthropometry on the Normal Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine of Prepubescent Children

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Brelin-Fornari ◽  
Karl Majeske ◽  
Terri Lynch-Caris
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Normal Range

Cervical Spine Movement Sequencing During Flexion-Extension

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Anderst ◽  
Michelle Schafman ◽  
William F. Donaldson ◽  
Joon Y. Lee ◽  
James D. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Functional Movements ◽  
Spine Movement

Static flexion-extension x-rays are the most common clinical tool used to assess abnormal motion of the cervical spine. Despite their widespread use (over 168,000 cases per year), the clinical efficacy of flexion-extension radiographs of the cervical spine has yet to be proven1. Limitations of static flexion-extension x-rays include data collection during static positions that may not accurately represent dynamic behavior, and the fact that data is collected at end range of motion positions, not in more frequently encountered mid-range positions. Consequently, static x-rays may not reveal movement abnormalities that occur during activities of daily living and lead to pain and degeneration. Therefore, it may be advantageous to analyze cervical spine kinematic data collected during dynamic, functional movements performed through an entire range of motion (not just the endpoints). Furthermore, the literature confirms there is substantial variability in “normal” range of motion and translation during flexion-extension1, making it difficult to reliably identify abnormal motion. Therefore, it may also be beneficial to evaluate alternative motion parameters that may reliably identify abnormal motion.

Normal Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine: An Initial Goniometric Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 770-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W Youdas ◽  
Tom R Garrett ◽  
Vera J Suman ◽  
Connie L Bogard ◽  
Horace O Hallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Normal Range

scholarly journals Concurrent validity and reliability of measuring range of motion during the cervical flexion rotation test with a novel digital goniometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Luedtke ◽  
Thomas Schoettker-Königer ◽  
Toby Hall ◽  
Christine Reimer ◽  
Maike Grassold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Rotation Test ◽  
Upper Cervical

Abstract Background Headache is a common and costly health problem. Although the pathogenesis of headache is heterogeneous, reported contributing factors are dysfunctions of the upper cervical spine. The flexion rotation test (FRT) is a commonly used diagnostic test to detect upper cervical movement impairment. A digital goniometer may support precise measurement of movement impairment in the upper cervical spine. However, its reliability and validity is not assessed, yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the digital goniometer compared to an ultrasound-based movement analysis system. Methods Two separate cross-sectional studies were conducted using the digital goniometer EasyAngle (Meloq AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for a) investigating the concurrent validity of upper cervical range of motion (ROM) during the FRT and b) determining the inter- and intra-rater reliability in the target population of patients with head and neck pain. Sixty-two participants, 39 with and 23 without head and neck pain, were recruited for the concurrent validity study. For the reliability study, a total of 50 participants were recruited. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland Altmann plots were used to assess validity and ICC values, Bland Altmann plots as well as Kappa coefficients were used for estimating intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results Concurrent validity was strong with an ICC (2,1) of 0.97 for ROM to either side (95%CI = 0.95–0.98). Bland Altman Plots revealed a mean difference between measurement systems of 0.5° for the left and 0.11° for the right side. The inter-rater ICC (2,1) was 0.66 (95%CI 0.47–0.79, p <  0.001, SEM 6.6°), indicating good reliability. The limits of agreement were between 10.25° and − 11.89°, the mean difference between both raters was − 0.82°. Intra-rater reliability for the measurement of ROM during the FRT was between 0.96 (ICC 3,1) for rater 1 and 0.94 (ICC 3,1) for rater 2. Conclusions The digital goniometer demonstrated strong concurrent validity and good to strong reliability and can be used in clinical practice to accurately determine movement impairment in the upper cervical spine. Trial registration German Registry of Clinical Trials DRKS00013051.

Range of Motion of the Upper Cervical Spine: flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Lorente ◽  
César Hidalgo García ◽  
Jacobo Rodríguez Sanz ◽  
Mario Maza Frechín ◽  
Albert Pérez Bellmunt
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Life Threatening

Instability is a serious and life-threatening diagnosis in the upper cervical spine (occiput-atlas-axis), and a depth understanding of normal range of movement is required for clinical manual evaluation. To improve this knowledge, ten upper cervical spine specimens have been tested in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. 

Immediate effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching of hamstring muscles on straight leg raise, craniovertebral angle, and cervical spine range of motion in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness: A prospective randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eun-Dong Jeong ◽  
Chang-Yong Kim ◽  
Nack-Hwan Kim ◽  
Hyeong-Dong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
T Test ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Straight Leg Raise ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Group Effects

BACKGROUND: The cranio-cervical flexion exercise and sub-occipital muscle inhibition technique have been used to improve a forward head posture among neck pain patients with straight leg raise (SLR) limitation. However, little is known about the cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) and cervical spine range of motion (CROM) after applying stretching methods to the hamstring muscle. OBJECTIVE: To compare the immediate effects of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on SLR, CVA, and CROM in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness. METHODS: 64 subjects were randomly allocated to the static stretching (n1= 32) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (n2= 32) stretching group. The SLR test was performed to measure the hamstring muscle’s flexibility and tightness between the two groups, with CROM and CVA also being measured. The paired t-test was used to compare all the variables within each group before and after the intervention. The independent t-test was used to compare the two groups before and after the stretching exercise. RESULTS: There were no between-group effects for any outcome variables (P> 0.05). However, all SLR, CVA, and CROM outcome variables were significantly improved within-group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were no between-group effects for any outcome variable; however, SLR, CVA, and CROM significantly improved within-group after the one-session intervention in neck pain patients with hamstring tightness.

A New Computer Simulation of Neck Injury Biomechanics

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jian Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Injury Mechanisms

Head and neck injuries are the most frequent severe injury resulting from traffic accidents. Neck injury mechanisms are difficult to study experimentally due to the variety of impact conditions involved, as well as ethical issues, such as the use of human cadavers and animals. Finite element analysis is a comprehensive computer aided mathematical method through which human head and neck impact tolerance can be investigated. Detailed cervical spine models are necessary to better understand cervical spine response to loading, improve our understanding of injury mechanisms, and specifically for predicting occupant response and injury in auto crash scenarios. The focus of this study was to develop a C1–C2 finite element model with optimized mechanical parameter. The most advanced material data available were then incorporated using appropriate nonlinear constitutive models to provide accurate predictions of response at physiological levels of loading. This optimization method was the first utilized in biomechanics understanding, the C1–C2 model forms the basis for the development of a full cervical spine model. Future studies will focus on tissue-level injury prediction and dynamic response.

scholarly journals Changes in Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated by Occipitocervical Fusion.

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-621
Author(s):  
Ginryu Fukumoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Ryoki ◽  
Toshiyuki Ohnishi ◽  
Kosei Ijiri ◽  
Shunji Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Occipitocervical Fusion

Cervical Spine Rotation and Range of Motion: Pilot Measurements During Driving

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrod A.J. Shugg ◽  
Christopher D. Jackson ◽  
James P. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion

Possibilities of correction of the statodynamic stereotype violations in patients with dorsopathy at the cervical-thoracic level

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
V. O. Belash ◽  
A. E. Vorobyova ◽  
D. A. Vasyukovich
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Social Significance

Introduction. Back pain is not only a high prevalence, but also a costly health problem. That is why the search for new and the optimization of existing methods of dorsopathies treatment acquire an important clinical and medico-social significance. In recent years, the medical community has increased the interest in non-drug methods of treatment, including osteopathy. Previous studies have substantiated the possibility of effective application of osteopathic correction methods in the treatment of patients with dorsopathies. A specific object of the osteopath′s work is somatic dysfunction (SD). And if earlier SD was perceived from the standpoint of purely biomechanical disorders, then in recent years there have been serious changes in understanding the heterogeneity of this state nature. The biomechanical, rhythmogenic and neurodynamic components are conventionally distinguished in the structure of SD. One of the neurodynamic disorders types is the violation of motor stereotypes, the so-called static-dynamic disorders, revealed through special dynamic tests and manifested in the functional impossibility of building of active movement at various levels. At the same time, the generally accepted biomechanical approaches do not allow to completely eliminate violations of the statodynamic stereotype.The goal of research — the study was to research the effectiveness of the osteopathic approach using in combination with kinesitherapy for correction of the statodynamic stereotype violations in patients with dorsopathy at the cervicothoracic level.Materials and methods. A controlled randomized prospective study was conducted on the basis of a private rehabilitation center «Ezramed-Clinic» in Omsk in the period from February 2019 to December 2019. 52 patients with a diagnosis of dorsopathy at the cervicothoracic level were observed. 12 people were knocked out during the study in accordance with the exclusion criteria. As a result, 40 patients participated in the study. Depending on the applied treatment method, the patients were divided by simple randomization into two groups (main and control), each of which consisted of 20 people. Both groups of patients received osteopathic correction three times with a frequency of receptions 1 time in 7–10 days. The main group of patients additionally independently performed daily for 10 minutes a set of exercises aimed to restore the disturbed motor stereotypes (normal synkinesis). The control group of patients additionally independently performed a set of exercise therapy for the cervical spine every day for 10 minutes. All patients, regardless of the group, underwent an osteopathic examination before and after treatment with the formation of an osteopathic conclusion; the severity of pain syndrome and the volume of active movements in the cervical spine were assessed. The severity of the pain syndrome and the range of active movements were assessed before and immediately after treatment, as well as 3 months after the first session.Results. The use of osteopathic correction in conjunction with kinesitherapy (both special exercises and a complex of exercise therapy) in patients with a diagnosis of dorsopathy at the cervicothoracic level leads to a statistically significant increase in the range of motion in the cervical spine in the sagittal and frontal planes (p<0,05). The combination of osteopathic correction together with exercise therapy in patients of the control group led to a statistically more significant increase (p<0,05) in the range of motion in the cervical spine in the frontal plane after treatment compared with the results of the main group. However, 3 months after treatment, the indicators in patients of both groups did not have statistically significant differences.The combination of osteopathic correction in conjunction with kinesiotherapy in the form of special exercises for the motor stereotype correction in the main group of patients with diagnosed dorsopathy at the cervicothoracic level led to a statistically significant (p<0,05) decrease in the intensity of the pain syndrome at the 2nd session.Conclusion. In order to increase the effectiveness of treatment, osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in patients with dorsopathy at the cervicothoracic level can be supplemented with complex kinesitherapy, both in the form of traditional exercise therapy, and in the form of special exercises for correction of altered motor stereotype.

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